Chapter 3

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

A sum of the beliefs, rules, techniques, institutions, and artifacts that characterize a population.

Question 3

What is ethnocentricity?

Answer 3

The belief that ones culture is superior to other cultures.

Question 4

What are aesthetics?

Answer 4

A culture’s sense of beauty and good taste.

Question 5

In what mediums is culture manifested?

Answer 5

Language, aesthetics, and religion

Question 6

What is Edward Hall’s framework for analyzing culture?

Answer 6

It is a juxtaposition between high context (polychronic) cultures that focus on context within multiple timelines and low context (monochronic) cultures that are more linear and sequential.

Question 7

What is Florence Kluckhohn and Fred Strodtbeck’s cultural orientation framework?

Answer 7

It is the consideration of five concepts: relationships to nature, relationships with other individuals, evaluation of human nature, relationship with time, and orientation for human activity,

Question 8

What is Greer Hofstede’s six dimensions?

Answer 8

• individualism vs. collectivism
• power distance
• uncertainty avoidance
• masculinity vs. femininity
• indulgent vs. restraint
• pragmatic vs. normative

Question 9

What are Fons Trompenaar’s seven dimensions?

Answer 9

• universalism vs. particularism
• individualism vs. communitarianism
• neutral vs. affective
• specific vs. diffuse
• achievement vs. ascription
• achievement vs. ascription
• attitudes toward time
• internal vs. external direction