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Chemistry 111 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ionic bonds form between

A

a metal and a nonmetal

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2
Q

Oxyanions

A

contain oxygen and another element. named systematically

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3
Q

hydrates

A

ionic compounds with specific numbers of water molecules associated with them

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4
Q

if you heat a hydrate to drive off the water it becomes _____.

A

anhydrous

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5
Q

Hygroscopic substance

A

a substance that absorbs water from the air

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6
Q

molecular compounds form between

A

two or more nonmetals

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7
Q

Acids make ____ in water

A

H+ ions

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8
Q

binary acids

A

contain only two elements or compounds

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9
Q

oxyacids

A

contain oxygen

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10
Q

how to name a binary acid

A

Hydro + base name + ic + acid

ex: HBr = Hydrobromic acid

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11
Q

how to name an oxyacid

A

If oxyanion ends with “-ate”, base name + ic + acid
ex: H2SO4, sulfate —> sulfuric acid
If oxyanion ends with “-ite”, base name + ous + acid
ex: H2SO3, sulfite –> sulfurous acid

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12
Q

Mass percent

A

an element’s percentage of a compound’s total mass

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13
Q

organic chemistry

A

the study of compounds that contain carbon

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14
Q

who disproved vitalism?

A

Friedrich Wohler, in 1824

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15
Q

____ came up with the modern definition of organic chemistry

A

Kekule

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16
Q

biochemistry

A

the chemistry of life

17
Q

how many inorganic compounds are there?

A

about 1 million

18
Q

how many organic compounds are there?

A

more than 20 million

19
Q

hydrocarbons

A

compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen

20
Q

four families of hydrocarbons

A

alkanes
alkenes
alkynes
aromatics

21
Q

alkanes

A

contain only single bonds

22
Q

alkenes

A

contain double bonds

23
Q

alkynes

A

contain triple bonds

24
Q

aromatics

A

contain alternating double and single bonds such as in benzene

25
Q

saturated compounds

A

contain only single bonds (no more hydrogens can be added)

26
Q

unsaturated compounds

A

contain one or more multiple bonds

27
Q

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are called _______ because they resemble molecules found in fats and oils

A

aliphatic hydrocarbons

28
Q

IUPAC

A

the system for naming organic compounds

29
Q

functional groups

A

atoms or groups of atoms within a molecule that show characteristic sets of physical and chemical properties

30
Q

alcohols

A

coumpounds which contain a hydroxyl group (–OH)

31
Q

ethers

A

compounds containing the C-O-C unit

32
Q

carboxylic acids

A

contain a carboxyl group, –COOH

33
Q

Amines

A

derivatives of amonia (NH3).

contain an amino group, which is a nitrogen bonded to at least one carbon atom

Chemistry 111 (5 decks)

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