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Microbiology (Year 2) Sem 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Prokaryote Size. Shape, and Arrangement

A 
Shape: 
-cocci and rods
-other
Arrangement:
-determined by plane of division 
- " by separation or not 
Size: 
-varies
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2
Q

Cocci (coccus) Shape

A

Spheres

  • diplococci
  • streptococci -chains
  • staphylococcii - grape like clusters
  • tetrads - 4 cocci in a square
  • sarcinae - cubic formation of 8 cocci
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3
Q

Other Shapes: Bacilli, Virbrios, Spirilla

A

Bacilli (bacillus) - rods
-coccobacilli - very short rods
Vibrios - comma shaped rods
Spirilla - rigid helices

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4
Q

Other Shapes: Spirochetes, Mycelium, Pleomorphic

A

Spirochetes - flexible helices
Mycelium - long multinucleate filaments
Pleomorphic - variable in shape

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5
Q

Size of Prokaryotes

A

Smallest = 0.3 nm (mycoplasma)
avg rod - 1.1-1.5x 2-6m
v large -600-80m (epulopiscium)

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6
Q

Size-Shape relationship

A

nutrient uptake
S to V ratio S/V
Small size may be protective mechanism from predation

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7
Q

Bacterial Cell Organization-Common Features

A

Cell envelope
(plasma, cell wall, capsule/slime layer)
Cytoplasm
External Structures

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8
Q

Bacterial Plasma Membrane

A
  • req

- some w/ internal membrane

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9
Q

Function of Plasma Membrane

A 
Encompass cytoplasm 
Selectively permeable 
Interacts w/ external environment 
- receptors -> chemicals in surroundings 
-transport systems 
-metabolic processes
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10
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure

A

lipid bilayers with floating proteins

  • amphipathic
  • > polar ends(hydrophillic) + non polar tails (hydrophobic)
  • membrane proteins
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11
Q

Peripheral Proteins

A

loosely connected to membrane

easily removed

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12
Q

Integral Proteins

A

within membrane
carry out impt fxns
maybe as microdomains

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13
Q

Bacterial Lipids

A

saturation levels = enviro conditions (eg. t)

  • bacterial membranes lack sterols, contain sterol like molecules, hopanoids
  • stabilize membrane
  • in petroleum
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14
Q

Uptake of nutrients (macro)

A
  • C,O,H,N,P,S,
  • > organic molecules (proteins, lipids, carbs, nucleic)
  • K, Ca, Mg, Fe
  • > cations (enzymes, biosynthesis)
  • req in large amounts
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15
Q

Uptake of nutrients (micro)

A
  • Mn, Zn, Co, Mo, Ni, Cu
  • > trace amounts
  • > in water, or media comp.
  • > ubiquitous
  • > enzymes/cofactors
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16
Q

Uptake of nutrients - Growth Factors

A

Org, compounds

  • essential cell components,
  • supplied by enviro
17
Q

Classes of growth factors

A 
AA
-protein syn
Purines + Pyrimidines 
-NA+synthesis
Vitamins 
-enzyme cofactors
18
Q

What transport mechanisms do microorganisms use?

A

Facilitated diffusion,
Active Transport
Group Translocation

19
Q

Passive Diffusion

A

Higher > lower [] between interior and exterior,

-H20, 02, C02

20
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A 
not energy dependent 
direction from high to low 
size of [gradient] - rate of uptake 
-channels/ carrier proteins involved (permeases) 
-small [] gradient 
MORE IN EUK, THEN BAC AND ACH
21
Q

Active Transport

A

Req E, (ATP/proton motive force used)
against gradient (low-high)
carrier proteins

22
Q

ABC Transporters

A

Primary Active Transporters use ATP
-> transporters
(ALL)
2 binding domains

23
Q

Secondary Active Transport

A

Major Faciliator Superfamily
ion gradient -> cotransport substances
-> protons,
-> symport - two substances in SAME direction
-> antiport - two substances in OPPOSITE direction

24
Q

Group Translocation

A

E dep transport- chemically modifies molecule brought into cell
Phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS)

25
Q

Iron Uptake

A

Ferric - insoluble
Siderophores - aid uptake
-> complex with ferric
–> then transported into cell

26
Q

Peptidoglycan Structure

A

Long strands
2 sugars: NAG+lactic acid attached by ether linkage, NAM
D+L AA
-crosslinkage

27
Q

Gram-Negative Cell Walls

A

More complex than +ve
no teichoic acids
enzymes in intermembrane space

28
Q

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

A
  • o side chain
  • core polysaccharide
  • lipid A
  • ve charge on cell surface
  • stabilize other mem structure
  • attatchement to surfaces and biofilm
  • permeability barrier
  • protection from host defences
  • endotoxin

Microbiology (Year 2) Sem 1 (2 decks)

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