Chapter 3

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

Nerve cells that send messages between the central nervous system and other parts of the body

Question 3

Neurons

Answer 3

nerve cells that run through our entire bodies and communicate with each other

Question 4

cell body

Answer 4

produces energy that fuels the neuron’s activities

Question 5

Dendrites

Answer 5

receives information from other neurons and passes the message through the cell body

Question 6

axon

Answer 6

transmits messages away from the cell body

Question 7

myelin

Answer 7

fatty substance that insulates and protects the axons; speeds up transmission

Question 8

axon terminals

Answer 8

small fibers at the end of the axon

Question 9

synapse

Answer 9

junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another one

Question 10

sensory neurons

Answer 10

nerve cells that carry information received by senses to the CNS

Question 11

motor neurons

Answer 11

nerve cells that carry information received from the CNS to muscles and glands

Question 12

Neurotransmitters

Answer 12

chemicals that are stored in axon terminals; help send messages across the synapse

Question 13

Acetylcholine

Answer 13

neurotransmitter involved in control of muscles, learning and memory

Question 14

Dopamine

Answer 14

neurotransmitter involved in motor behavior

Question 15

Too little Dopamine

Answer 15

Parkinson’s disease

Question 16

Too much Dopamine

Answer 16

Schizophrenia

Question 17

Noradrenaline

Answer 17

Neurotransmitter involved in preparing the body for action

Question 18

Serotonin

Answer 18

Neurotransmitter involved in emotional arousal and sleep

Question 19

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 19

Part if the Peripheral Nervous System that transmits sensory messages to the CNS

Question 20

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 20

part of the Peripheral Nervous System that regulates the body’s vital functions

Question 21

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 21

Part of the Autonomic Nervous System that prepares the body for “flight or fight”

Question 22

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 22

Part of the Autonomic Nervous System that calms the body down after “fight or flight”

Question 23

Hindbrain

Answer 23

One of the three sections of the brain that is in control of vital functions

Question 24

Midbrain

Answer 24

One of the three sections of the brain that is in control of vision and hearing

Question 25

Forebrain

Answer 25

One of the three sections of the brain that is in control of complex functions, thoughts and emotion

Question 26

Medulla

Answer 26

Part of the hindbrain that controls vital functions like heart rate, blood pressure and breathing

Question 27

Pons

Answer 27

Part of the hindbrain that regulates body movement, attention, sleep and alertness

Question 28

Cerebellum

Answer 28

part of the hindbrain the controls balance and coordination

Question 29

Reticular Activating System

Answer 29

Part of the midbrain in control of attention, sleep and arousal

Question 30

Thalamus

Answer 30

Part of the forebrain that serves as the relay station for sensory information

Question 31

Hypothalamus

Answer 31

Part of the forebrain that regulates body temperature, storage of nutrients and motivation

Question 32

Limbic System

Answer 32

Part of the forebrain that forms a border around the brain stem; controls behavior necessary for survival

Question 33

Cerebrum

Answer 33

Part of the forebrain that is site to most conscious and intellectual activity

Question 34

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 34

Part of the forebrain that is the outer layer of the brain; makes us uniquely human

Question 35

Corpus Callosum

Answer 35

structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 36

Occipital Lobe

Answer 36

Lobe of the brain that controls vision

Question 37

Temporal Lobe

Answer 37

Lobe of the brain that controls hearing

Question 38

Parietal Lobe

Answer 38

Lobe of the brain that controls skin’s sensory

Question 39

Frontal Lobe

Answer 39

Lobe of the brain that controls emotions and judgments

Question 40

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 40

Part of the left hemisphere that pieces together sights and sounds for speech

Question 41

Damage to Wernicke’s Area

Answer 41

Can’t understand speech and speech is meaningless

Question 42

Broca’s Area

Answer 42

Part of the left hemisphere that controls areas of the face used for speaking

Question 43

Damage to Broca’s Area

Answer 43

People speak slowly and laboriously