Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is a plasmid?
A plasmid is an extrachromosomal piece of DNA that contains genes not essential for cell growth.
Which cellular structure synthesizes protein?
Ribosomes
How are bacteria and archaea different from eukaryotes?
The way their DNA is packaged- Eukaryotes have a nucleus
The makeup of their cell wall- cell walls of bacteria and archaea are sturdy and include peptidoglycan.
Their internal structures- Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles.
What structures allow bacteria to communicate with each other?
Nanowires. (note that bacteria can also communicate chemically)
What is it called when cells from a single species vary in shape and size?
Pleomorphism
The ability to move is referred to as _____?
motility
Which structures are possessed by ALL bacteria?
Cell Membrane, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, and Actin
What is a spiral shaped bacteria called?
spirillum
What are the appendages called that provide motility?
flagella and axial filaments
What are the appendages called that provide attachment points or channels?
fimbriae and pili
What are the 3 distinct parts of a flagellum?
filament, hook (sheath), and basal body
When flagellated bacteria can detect and move in response to chemical signals, that type of behavior is called what?
chemotaxis
When do bacteria have an S Layer
When they are in a hostile environment
What are the two types of glycocalyx in bacteria?
Capsules and Slime Layer
What do you call a bacteria that has lost it’s cell wall?
L Forms
