Chapter 3-5 Flashcards
Acid Rain
industrial produced sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides (factories and cars)
Megalopolis
largest settlement cluster in a country
US - (D.C, Baltimore, Phily, NY, Boston)
Ogallala Aquifer
Midwest aquifer (Nebraska to Texas)
Counter-Urbanization
People leave cities to move to smaller towns and rural areas
Urban Decentralization
Metropolitan areas spread in all directions and suburbs take on many characteristics of downtowns
Concentric Zone Model
urban land areas neatly organized in rings around business districts
Gentrification
Displacement of lower-income residents of communities with neighborhoods with higher income residents
Cultural Assimilation
Process in which immigrants were absorbed by larger host society
Canada Population (# of people)
35 million
Megacities (examples)
Sao Paulo, Mexico City, Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro
Latin America (Landscape)
- Home to largest rain forest, river by volume
- Large reserves of natural gas, oil and copper
Grassification
Conversion of tropical forest into pasture
Subsidence
Soil sinkage (Mexico City)
El Nino
Warm Pacific current arrives along cold costal waters of Ecuador and Peru, brings floods and drought
Urban Primacy
Condition which country has primate city 3-4 times larger than any other city in the country
Squatter Settlements
Urban poor reside here (usually outside major cities)
Latifundia
Practice of maintaining large estates
Minifundia
Peasants farm small plots for their subsistence
Agrarian Reform
Peasant demanding land redistribution
Mestizo
Mixed person (European and Indian)
Remittances
Money sent back home (from immigrants)
Virgin of Guadalupe
Patron saint of Mexico
Treaty of Tordesillas
Portuguese come to America
Pope (dividing between Portugal and Spain)
African continent (eastern half of Atlantic) to Portugal Western Half (Americas) to Spain
Supranational Organization
Governing bodies that include several states
Subnational Organizations
Groups that represent areas of people within a state
Neoliberalism
Policy reforms that emphasized increased trade, privatization and reduced government spending
Maquiladoras
Mexican assembly plants that line boarder with U.S
Dependency Theory
Expansion of Europe capitalism created the regions underdevelopment
Dollarization
Process by which a country adopts in whole or part the U.S dollar
Rimland
Coastal zone of the mainland beginning with Belize
Greater Antilles
Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic) and Puerto Rico
Lesser Antilles
Small islands form Virgin Islands to Trinidad
Caribbean Diaspora
Economic flight of Caribbean people across the globe
Creolization
Mix of European and African cultures
Mono-crop Production
A single commodity like sugar
Indentured Labor
Workers contracted to labor on estates for a set period of time
African Diaspora
Forced removal of Africans form native area
Diaspora
Mass movement of people
Maroons
Communities of runaway slaves
Voodoo
Most practiced religion - Haiti
Music in Caribbean
Reggae, Calypso, Merengue, Rumba
Monroe Doctrine
U.S would not tolerate European military involvement
- Caribbean in U.S sphere of influence
Country leading Caribbean from agrarian economy to industrial
Puerto Rico
Operation Bootstrap
tax incentives and cheap labor brought U.S textile and clothing firms to relocate in Puerto Rico
Brain Drain
Training professionals for benefit of developed countries
US Clean Water Act and Canada Green Plan
tries to limit pollution in water
Central American Free Trade
Evidence of heightened economic integration in the western hemisphere
Mercosur
Revived trade bloc concept
Organization of American States
Inter-continental for the purpose of regional solidarity and cooperation amongst member states
Syncretic Religions
Blends of different belief systems
Outsourcing
Business practice that transfers portions of a company’s production and service activities to lower-cost settings, often located overseas
Sectoral Transformation
Evolution of a nations labor force from one dependent on the primary sector to one with more employment in the secondary
Unitary State
States in which power is centralized at the national level
World Trade Organization
153 members are dedicated to reducing global barriers to trade
Brain Gain
Return migration of Caribbean people from North America and Europe
Capital Leakage
Gap between gross income and total tourist dollars
Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)
Proposed a regional industrialization plan and created the Caribbean Development Bank to assist poor states
Isolated Proximity
Caribbean people are poor and live in the shadow of North America’s wealth - unique location in the world
