Chapter 3

Question 1

How much of the crust is accounted for with just oxygen and silicon?

Answer 1

74.3%

Question 2

What is a mineral?

Answer 2

Inorganic or non-living, natural compounds having a specific chemical formula and possessing a crystalline structure

Question 3

What are the major rock groups?

Answer 3

Igneous, Sedimentary, Molten

Question 4

What is an igneous rock?

Answer 4

Rock that has solidified and crystallized from a molten state (ex: Granite, Basalt, rhyolite)

Question 5

What is a sedimentary rock?

Answer 5

Formed from fragments of existing rock/organic matter through lithification (compaction and cementing)

Question 6

What is a metamorphic rock?

Answer 6

Rocks that undergo a change in their chemical composition due to heat and pressure

Question 7

Karst geomorphology is concerned with regions that have what type of rock layers?

Answer 7

Limestone and gypsum

Question 8

What is a sinkhole

Answer 8

Circular depression in limestone landscape

Question 9

What is a stalactite

Answer 9

Limestone formation growing from the ceiling

Question 10

What is a stalagmite

Answer 10

Limestone formation growing from the floor

Question 11

What are faults?

Answer 11

fractures of rock strata

Question 12

What is a synclinal valley?

Answer 12

fold layers slope downward towards the axis

Question 13

What is a anticlinal ridge?

Answer 13

Ridge layers slope downward away from the central axis

Question 14

What is a stream order?

Answer 14

sequence of stream size

Question 15

What is a floodplain?

Answer 15

flat low-lying areas flanking a stream channel subject to recurrent flooding

Question 16

What is an alluvial fan?

Answer 16

river coming out at the mouth of a canyon; usually in generally dry climates

Question 17

How are river terraces formed?

Answer 17

Incision development leaving behind traces of old valley forms