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Chemistry 205 (UConcordia) > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the reactants in a chemical equation?

A

the substance combined in the reaction

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2
Q

What is the product in a chemical equation?

A

The substance produced

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3
Q

In a chemical equation where the formulas for the reactants are written ?

A

to the left of the arrow

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4
Q

In a chemical equation does the state of matter are written?

A

yes,

  • solids (s)
  • liquids (l)
  • gases (g)
  • aqueous (aq)
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5
Q

What is the law of conservation of matter?

A

matter can neither be created nor destroyed

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6
Q

Who created the law of conservation of matter?

A

Antoine Lavoisier

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7
Q

What is the stoichiometry ?

A

Stoichiometry is the relationship between the amount of chemical reactants and products

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8
Q

What is chemical equilibrium?

A

when a reaction happen and at the same time it reverse, we say that the system has reached chemical equilibrium

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9
Q

What is a product-favoured reaction?

A

It’s a reaction in which reactants are completely or largely converted to products when equilibrium is reach

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10
Q

What is a solution?

A

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

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11
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The medium in which another substance is dissolved (major component of the solution)

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12
Q

What is a solute?

A

The substance dissolved in a solvent (minor component of the solution)

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13
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

A solution where the solvent is water

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14
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

Compound whose aqueous solutions conduct electricity

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15
Q

Does ionic compounds dissolves in water?

A

Yes, many ionic compound dissolve in water

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16
Q

How do we determine if a compound is soluble?

A
  • Non-polar or low polarity solvents dissolve non-polar or low polarity compounds
  • Polar solvents dissolve polar compounds and some ionic compounds
  • If the compound is ionic, use Coulomb’s law
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17
Q

What are the 4 major categories of reactions?

A
  1. precipitation
  2. acid-base
  3. gas forming
  4. oxidation-reduction reactions
18
Q

What is a precipitation reaction?

A

The reaction produces a precipitate, a water-insoluble solid product.

19
Q

What is the difference between a complete ionic equation and a net ionic equation?

A

The complete ionic equation has spectators ions when a net ionic equation doesn’t have it.

20
Q

What are the strong acids? (6)

A 
HCl
HBr
HI
HNO3
HClO4
H2SO4
21
Q

What are the strong bases? (3)

A

LiOH
NaOH
KOH

22
Q

What are the weak acids? (7)

A 
H3PO4
H2CO3
CH3CO2H
H2C2O4
C4H6O6
C6H8O7
C9H8O4
23
Q

what are the weak bases? (1)

A

NH3

24
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition according the acid and bases?

A

An acid is a substance that when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, H+, in solution

A base is a substance that when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydroxides ions, OH-

25
Q

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition according to acid and bases?

A

view acids and bases in term of the transfer of a proton (H+) from on species to another

they described all acid-base reactions in term of equilibrium

26
Q

What is the reaction of acids and bases in aqueous solution?

A

produce a salt and water

27
Q

Any ionic compound whose cation comes from a base and whose anion comes from an acid is__________

A

a salt

28
Q

how do we produce an neutralized reaction?

A

By mixing a strong acid and a strong base

29
Q

What is an acidic oxide?

A

Oxides of non metals (ex: CO2, SO2, SO3, NO2) that react with water to produce an acidic solution

30
Q

What is a basic oxide?

A

Oxides of metals, they produces basic solutions if they dissolves appreciably in water

31
Q

What are the 2 steps in the gas forming reaction? Take this equation to explain: CaCO3 + 2HCL→ CaCl2 + H2CO3

A

the product formed in this reaction is carbonate acid (H2CO3)
This compound is unstable and decomposes to CO2 and H2O

CaCO3 + 2HCL→CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

32
Q

What oxidation-reduction reaction produces?

A

change metal oxides and sulphides into the metal = reduce ore to the metal

33
Q

how do we recognize and oxidation-reduction reaction?

A

any process in which oxygen is added to another substance is an oxidation

34
Q

When a substance loose electron it said to be ___________

A

oxidized

35
Q

When a substance gain electron it said to be ___________

A

reduced

36
Q

What is the oxidation number of an monatomic ion?

A

The charge is equal to the charge on the ion

37
Q

When combined to another element what is the charge of fluorine?

A

-1

38
Q

What is the charge on and ion which is oxidation number is 0?

A

-2

39
Q

What are the most common oxidizing agent? (5)

A 
O2 (oxygen)
Halogens
HNO3 (nitric acid)
Cr2O7 (dichromate ion)
MnO4 (permanganate ion)
40
Q

What are the most common reducing agent? (3)

A

H2 (hydrogen)
metals
Carbon

41
Q

What happen in a product-favoured reaction?

A

Reactants are completely or largely converted to products.

42
Q

What happen in a reactant-favoured reaction

A

Conversion of only a small amount of reactants to products.

Chemistry 205 (UConcordia) (11 decks)

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