Chapter 3

Question 1

tenets or convictions that people hold to be true

Answer 1

beliefs

Question 2

groups that reject and oppose society’s widely accepted cultural patterns

Answer 2

countercultures

Question 3

the deliberate imposition of one’s own cultural values on another culture

Answer 3

cultural imperialism

Question 4

the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards, and not in comparison to another culture

Answer 4

cultural relativism

Question 5

patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies

Answer 5

cultural universals

Question 6

shared beliefs, values, and practices

Answer 6

culture

Question 7

the gap of time between the introduction of material culture and nonmaterial culture’s acceptance of it

Answer 7

culture lag

Question 8

an experience of personal disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life

Answer 8

culture shock

Question 9

the spread of material and nonmaterial culture from one culture to another

Answer 9

diffusion

Question 10

things and ideas found from what already exists

Answer 10

discoveries

Question 11

the practice of evaluating another culture according to the standards of one’s own culture

Answer 11

ethnocentrism

Question 12

direct, appropriate behavior in the day-to-day practices and expressions of a culture

Answer 12

folkways

Question 13

established, written rules

Answer 13

formal norms

Question 14

the integration of international trade and finance markets

Answer 14

globalization

Question 15

the cultural patterns of a society’s elite

Answer 15

high culture

Question 16

the standards a society would like to embrace and live up to

Answer 16

ideal culture

Question 17

casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to

Answer 17

informal norms

Question 18

new objects or ideas introduced to culture for the first time

Answer 18

innovations

Question 19

a combination of pieces of existing reality into new forms

Answer 19

inventions

Question 20

a symbolic system of communication

Answer 20

language

Question 21

the objects or belongings of a group of people

Answer 21

material culture

Question 22

the moral views and principles of a group

Answer 22

mores

Question 23

the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society

Answer 23

nonmaterial culture

Question 24

the visible and invisible rules of conduct through which societies are structured

Answer 24

norms

Question 25

mainstream, widespread patterns among a society’s population

Answer 25

popular culture

Question 26

the way society really is based on what actually occurs and exists

Answer 26

real culture

Question 27

a way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors

Answer 27

sanctions

Question 28

the way that people understand the world based on their form of language

Answer 28

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Question 29

a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms

Answer 29

social control

Question 30

people who live in a definable community and who share a culture

Answer 30

society

Question 31

groups that share a specific identification, apart from a society’s majority, even as the members exist within a larger society

Answer 31

subcultures

Question 32

gestures or objects that have meanings associated with them that are recognized by people who share a culture

Answer 32

symbols

Question 33

a culture’s standard for discerning what is good and just in society

Answer 33

values

Question 34

a belief that another culture is superior to one’s own

Answer 34

xenocentrism