Chapter 3

Question 1

“Necessary and proper” clause

Answer 1

Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to its duties, and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the Constitution

Question 2

Nullification

Answer 2

The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state’s opinion, violates the Constitution

Question 3

Dual Federalism

Answer 3

Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate

Question 4

Police Power

Answer 4

State power to enact laws promoting health, safety, and morals

Question 5

Initiative

Answer 5

Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot

Question 6

Referendum

Answer 6

Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature

Question 7

Recall

Answer 7

Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office

Question 8

Grants-in-aid

Answer 8

Money given by the national government to the states

Question 9

Categorical grants

Answer 9

Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport

Question 10

Conditions of aid

Answer 10

Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds

Question 11

Mandates

Answer 11

Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants

Question 12

Waiver

Answer 12

A decision by an administrative agency granting some other part permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it

Question 13

Federalism

Answer 13

Government authority shared by national and local governments