Chapter 3, 4 and 5

Question 1

Define Thermocline

Answer 1

A: a zone in the water column that shows a sudden change in the temperature with depth. Example: The zone where the temperature change marks the transition between the warm surface and the cold deep water.

Question 2

Define Coriolis effect

Answer 2

A: The tendency of objects moving large distances on Earth’s surface to bend to the right in the NH and to the left in the SH. Caused by the Earth’s rotation on weather patterns and ocean currents.

Question 3

Define Neap tide

Answer 3

A: Tides with a small tidal range.

Example: moderate tides when the sun and moon are at the right angles to each other

Question 4

Define Upwelling

Answer 4

A: The process by which colder water rich in nutrients rises from a lower to a higher depth.

Ex: water rising by the wind pushing it up

Question 5

Define Downwelling

Answer 5

A: The sinking of surface water that is denser than the underlying water layers.

Question 6

Define Spring Tide

Answer 6

A: Tides with large tidal ranges. They occur when a full or new moon has appeared

Question 7

Define wave

Answer 7

A: The undulation that forms as a disturbance moves along the surface of water.

Question 8

Define A mixed semidiurnal tide

Answer 8

A: A tidal pattern with two successive high tides of different heights each day.

Question 9

Define Swell

Answer 9

A: A wave with a flatter rounded wave crest and trough. Swells are found away from the area where they are generated by the wind.

Question 10

Define Solvent

Answer 10

A: The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution

Question 11

Define Solute

Answer 11

A: any material dissolved in a solvent

Question 12

Define Ekman transport

Answer 12

A: The spiral change in the movement of water in the water column when the water is pushed by wind.

Example: Waves being pushed by the wind

Question 13

Define pressure

Answer 13

A: The weight exerted over a unit area of surface.

Question 14

Define ion

Answer 14

A: An atom or a group of atoms that is electrically charged

Question 15

Define photic zone

Answer 15

A: The surface layer where there is enough light for photosynthesis to occur

Question 16

Define molecule

Answer 16

A: A combination of two or more atoms

Question 17

Define heat capacity

Answer 17

A: The amount of that must be added to a substance to raise its temperature by a given amount.

Question 18

Most of the unique properties of seawater are due to _______ between adjacent water molecules

Answer 18

A: Hydrogen Bonds

Question 19

The average salinity of the sea is _____. PPT stands for ________.

Answer 19

A: 35%

Parts per thousand

Question 20

The two most common ions dissolved in sea water are __________ and ________

Answer 20

A: Sodium and Chloride

Question 21

The pattern of the surface currents is mainly a product of______ and _________. The latter causes the currents to turn to the ______ in the northern hemisphere and the _____ in the Southern Hemisphere

Answer 21

A: Corriolis effect, trade winds, right, left

Question 22

The tides are produced by what two forces? 2. What type of tides do we see on our coastlines?

Answer 22

A: The gravitational pull of the moon and sun. Diurnal tides

Question 23

The surface of the ocean called the ______ is mixed by action of the winds. It’s average depth is _________ . Below this region where temperature drops rapidly with depth, called the ____________.

Answer 23

A: surface layer(100 to 200m) or 330 to 660ft

2. Intermediate layer

Question 24

What factor in the deep ocean most limits human exploration?

Answer 24

A: High pressure

Question 25

What are the three major layers of the ocean?

Answer 25

A: Surface layer (100 to 200m deep), intermediate layer(1,000 to 1,5000 deep), bottom layer (1,500m)

Question 26

Define Autotrophs

Answer 26

A: An organism that manufactures its own organic matter by using energy

Question 27

Define heterotroph

Answer 27

A: An organism that obtains energy from organic matter

Question 28

Define primary production

Answer 28

A: The conversion of the inorganic carbon usually in the form of carbon

Question 29

Osmoconformer

Answer 29

A: An organism that allows it’s inner salt concentration to change with the salinity

Question 30

Define osmosregulator

Answer 30

A: An organism that controls it inner salt composition

Question 31

Define Photisynthesis

Answer 31

A: The chemical process involved in the transformation of solar energy into glucose

Question 32

Define Respiration

Answer 32

A: The chemical process involved in the release of energy from organic matter

Question 33

Define population

Answer 33

A: A group of organisms belonging to the same species and living in the same place

Question 34

Define community

Answer 34

A:The populations that live and interact in an area

Question 35

Define habitat

Answer 35

A: The natural environment where an organism lives

Question 36

Define Plankton

Answer 36

A: Organisms that drift in the water

Question 37

Define Diffusion

Answer 37

A: The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 37

Define osmosis

Answer 37

A:The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, like the cell membrane, which allows only certain molecules

Question 38

Define ectotherm

Answer 38

A: An organism that loses metabolic heat due to the environment

Question 39

Define asexual Reproduction

Answer 39

A: