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LOGISTICS > Chapter 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is transportation?

A

The movement of products from one location to another.

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2
Q

Two types of transportation

A
  • external transports

- intra-site transports

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3
Q

Give examples of external transports

A
  • planes
  • trucks
  • trains
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4
Q

Give examples of intra-site transport

A
  • conveyor belts

- fork lifts

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5
Q

Name the most typical types of external modes of transportation and the differences between them.

A
  • SEA: speed; services response (lower); shipment size (larger); transportation and handling cost (less expensive)
  • RAIL:
  • TRUCK:
  • AIR: speed (higher) services response (higher); shipment size (smaller); transportation and handling cost (more expensive)
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6
Q

Different transportation segments and the characteristics

A
  • truckload (TL)/ Full Truckload (FTL):Low fixed cost
  • Less than truckload (LTL)/ Part Load (PL): small lots
  • Groupage/ Package Carriers (CEP): single items, expensive, fast and reliable delivery
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7
Q

What is intermodal transport? And name the different types.

A

The use of more than one mode of transport to move a shipment.

  • Freight across modes
  • Piggyback
  • Roll on/Roll off
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8
Q

Name and explain the Inter model transport phases

A
  • pre-carriage: from supply point to hub (mostly regional)
  • main transport: transport from hub to hub (national or international)
  • post- carriage: transport from hub to delivery points (mostly regional)
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9
Q

Main risks of transport and how to mitigate them

A
  • shipment is delayed
  • disruptions
  • hazardous material
  • decrease probability of disruptions
  • alternative routings
  • modified containers
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10
Q

Questions for knowing which mode of transportation

A
  • is it time-critical to receive it?
  • is there substantial uncertainty of demand from retailers ordering it?
  • how large the shipment can be?
  • how valuable are the products?
  • do they need specific transport requirements?
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11
Q

What is an emission factor?

A

An agent that must be kept in mind when selecting a mean of transport. Because the emissions they produce affect climate change (greenhouse gases) and have an impact on health ( nitrogen oxide…)

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12
Q

What is distribution?

A

The steps taken to move and store a product from the supplier stage to the customer stage. It also directly affects cost and the customer experience.

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13
Q

Which are the 2 fundamental distribution strategies

A
  • direct shipment strategies: items directly shipped from supplier to end customer.
  • intermediate inventory storage point strategies: uses intermediate inventory storage points (warehouses or distribution centers)
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14
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of direct shipment and when to use it.

A

A

  • retailer avoids expenses of operating and distribution center
  • lead times are reduced

D
- manufacturer and distributor cost increases

Use:

  • retail store requires fully load trucks
  • lead time is critical
  • manufacturer may be reluctant but may have no choice
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15
Q

Types of direct shipment with milk runs

A
  • one to many

- many to one

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16
Q

Strategies inside intermediate inventory storage point strategies:

A
  • traditional warehousing strategy
  • cross-docking strategy
  • centralised pooling
  • transshipment strategies
17
Q

What is traditional warehousing?

A

It can be centralised and decentralised management

  • C: decisions made at central location for entire supply network. Leads to global optimisation
  • D: each facility identifies its most effective strategy without considering the impact on other facilities. Leads to local optimisation
18
Q

What is cross-docking strategy?

A

Warehouse function as coordination point instead of inventory storage points. Llegan los products y se montan en otros trucks para llegar al retailer lo más rápido posible. Goods pasan muy poco tiempo en warehouse.

19
Q

Problems of cross-docking?

A
  • require a significant startup investment and are difficult to manage
  • a fast and responsive transportation system is necessary
  • forecasts are critical, need for information flow
  • effective only for large supply or distribution systems
20
Q

Pros and cons of direct shipping

A

P: no intermediate warehouse// simple to coordinate

C: high inventories (large lot size)

21
Q

Pros and cons of direct shipping with milk

A

P: lower transportation costs for small lots// lower inventories

C: increased coordination complexity

22
Q

Pros and cons of all shipments via central DC with inventory storage

A

P: lower inbound transportation cost through consolidation

C: increased inventory cost// increased handling at DC

23
Q

Pros and cons of all shipments via central DC with cross-docking

A

P: low inventory requirement// lower transportation cost through consolidation

C: increased coordination complexity

24
Q

The network structure that we create affects (customer service & supply chain costs)

A
  • response time
  • product availability
  • customer experience
  • order visibility
  • returnability
  • inventory costs
  • transportation costs
  • facility costs
  • information
25
Q

Different distribution strategies

A
  • single channel strategy
  • multi channel strategy
  • cross channel strategy
  • Omani channel strategy
26
Q

End customer distribution strategies

A
  • drop shipping
  • manufacturer storage with direct shipping and in transit merge
  • distributor storage with carrier delivery
  • distributor storage with last-mile delivery
  • manufacturer storage with customer pickup
  • retail storage with customer pickup

LOGISTICS (3 decks)

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