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Group Dynamics > Chapter 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three essential processes in group membership?

A

Inclusion, collectivism and identity

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2
Q

Being a member of a group (e.g., first joining, fulfilling the need to belong).

A

Inclusion

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3
Q

Being part of the group as a whole.

A

Collectivism

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4
Q

Transformation of personal conception to align with the group’s identity.

A

Identity

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5
Q

No negative feelings are necessarily associated; can have positive outcomes (e.g., self-discovery or creativity).

A

Alone

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6
Q

Associated with negative feelings, often due to lack of emotional or social connection.

A

Lonely

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7
Q

What are the two types of loneliness?

A

Emotional Loneliness and Social Loneliness

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8
Q

Loss of a close relationship, such as a breakup or divorce.

A

Emotional Loneliness

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9
Q

Disconnection from a group or social network, e.g., moving away.

A

Social Loneliness

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10
Q

Disconnection from a group or social network, e.g., moving away.

A

Social Loneliness

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11
Q

Exclusion from a group.

A

Ostracism

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12
Q

Being expelled from a religion or community.

A

Excommunicado

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13
Q

Being uninformed or excluded from updates.

A

Out of the loop

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14
Q

Direct rejection.

A

Maximum Exclusion

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15
Q

Avoiding the individual.

A

Active Exclusion

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16
Q

Ignoring the individual (e.g., ghosting).

A

Passive Exclusion

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17
Q

Mixed signals about acceptance.

A

Ambivalence

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18
Q

Allowing participation but with indifference.

A

Passive Inclusion

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19
Q

Welcoming the individual.

A

Active Inclusion

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20
Q

Actively inviting the individual to join.

A

Maximum Inclusion

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21
Q

A scale representing levels of group acceptance

A

Inclusion-Exclusion Continuum

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22
Q

What are the four stages of the Temporal Need Threat Model?

A

Minimal Stage
Reflexive Stage
Reflective Stage
Resignation Stage

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23
Q

Detection of ostracism.

A

Minimal Stage

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24
Q

Emotional pain and realization of rejection.

A

Reflexive Stage

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25
Q

Efforts to address the need to belong.

A

Reflective Stage

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26
Q

Resource depletion and potential withdrawal.

A

Resignation Stage

27
Q

Resource depletion and potential withdrawal.

A

Resignation Stage

28
Q

What are the common responses to ostracism?

A

Fight-or-Flight Response
Tend-and-Befriend

29
Q
  • Confronting or avoiding the group.
  • Common in males.
A

Fight-or-Flight Response

30
Q
  • Adapting behavior to gain acceptance.
  • Common in females.
A

Tend-and-Befriend

31
Q

Why does ghosting happen?

A
  1. Mismatch of preferences.
  2. Proximity issues.
32
Q

What does the “6 Degrees of Separation” theory suggest?

A

Everyone in the world is connected through a chain of six or fewer social connections.

33
Q

Everyone in the world is connected through a chain of six or fewer social connections.

A

6 Degrees of Separation Theory

34
Q

How does exclusion relate to aggression, according to Lowell Gaertner?

A
  • Aggression is lower when exclusion is by an outsider.
  • Aggression is higher when exclusion comes from a group the individual belongs to.
35
Q

What does the Sociometer Theory state about self-esteem?

A

Self-esteem acts as a social barometer.
- Inclusion in a group increases self-worth.
- Exclusion lowers self-worth and self-esteem.
- Choosing to be alone does not impact self-esteem.

36
Q

How does the biological perspective explain the connection between physical and social pain?

A

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula are activated during both physical and social pain.
Add: Painkillers like acetaminophen may lessen social pain.

37
Q

How does the biological perspective explain the connection between physical and social pain?

A

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula are activated during both physical and social pain.
Add: Painkillers like acetaminophen may lessen social pain.

38
Q

Focuses on exchange relationships, where personal benefit is prioritized.

A

Individualism

39
Q

Focuses on communal relationships, where the benefit of others is prioritized.

A

Collectivism

40
Q

Focuses on communal relationships, where the benefit of others is prioritized.

A

Collectivism

41
Q

Low conformity, high focus on individual uniqueness.

A

Individualism

42
Q

High conformity, focus on maintaining social harmony.

A

Collectivism

43
Q

Resources are distributed based on contribution.

A

Equity Norm

44
Q

Resources are shared equally, regardless of effort.

A

Equality Norm

45
Q

Qualities unique to the individual (“me”).

A

Personal Identity

46
Q

Characteristics derived from group membership (“we”).

A

Social Identity

47
Q

What is the Japanese term for self?

A

Jibun

48
Q

What is the Japanese term for self?

A

Jibun

49
Q

What is the Japanese term for self, and how does it reflect cultural differences?

A

The term “jibun” represents one’s portion of shared space.
- Individualist Approach: Focuses solely on the individual.
- Collectivist Approach: Includes relationships and surroundings in self-definition.

50
Q

Hierarchical structure with rigid social levels (e.g., India’s caste system).

A

Vertical/ Hierarchy

51
Q

Flat structure with mutual support regardless of status (e.g., Latin cultures).

A

Horizontal/Flat

52
Q

What are the three needs in the Optimal Distinctiveness Theory?

A
  1. Need to be assimilated in a group.
  2. Need for connections with friends and loved ones.
  3. Need for autonomy and differentiation.
53
Q

What is the Social Identity Theory by Henri Tajfel and John Turner?

A

The theory explains how groups form and maintain identities:
- Social Categorization
- Social Identification

54
Q

Adopting group stereotypes as part of personal identity (e.g., “Filipinos are always late, so it’s fine if I’m late”).

A

Self- Stereotyping

55
Q

Defining oneself through group traits without necessarily embodying stereotypes.

A

Social Identification

56
Q

Defining oneself through group traits without necessarily embodying stereotypes.

A

Social Identification

57
Q

What is collective self-esteem according to Jennifer Crocker?

A

It’s the self-esteem derived from one’s group membership and social identity.

58
Q

Predominantly Western cultures; focus on independence.

A

Individualists

59
Q

Predominantly Eastern cultures; focus on interdependence and social harmony.

A

Collectivists

60
Q

Predominantly Eastern cultures; focus on interdependence and social harmony.

A

Collectivists

61
Q

How does the Social Identity Theory address incongruency in groups?

A

Social categorization and identification become apparent when a member behaves incongruently with group norms.

62
Q

How does the Social Identity Theory address incongruency in groups?

A

Social categorization and identification become apparent when a member behaves incongruently with group norms.

63
Q

It’s the expectation to return favors or help equally, reflecting fairness in social exchanges.

A

norm of reciprocity

Group Dynamics (2 decks)

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