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NS 205 > Chapter 3+4 > Flashcards

Chapter 3+4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the routes?

  • PO
  • SL
  • SC, SQ
  • ID
  • IM
  • IV
  • PR
  • INH
  • TD
A
  • oral
  • sub-lingual
  • subcutaneous
  • intradermal
  • intramuscular
  • intravenous
  • anal
  • aerosols
  • transdermal
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2
Q

what is pharmacokinetics?

A
  • study of drug movement throughout the body
  • –> absorption
  • –> distribution
  • –> metabolism (biotransformation)
  • –> excretion (elimination)
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3
Q

what is pharmacodynamics?

A
  • drugs affects on the body
  • –> receptor binding
  • –> post-receptor effects
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4
Q

what is the first pass effect?

A
  • large portion of the drug is not used
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5
Q

what are factors that affect drug distribution?

A
  • circulation to tissues
  • blood-brain barrier
  • protein binding
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6
Q

what is protein binding?

A
  • drug molecules attach to proteins creating drug-protein complex enabling the drug molecules useless
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7
Q

which organ biotransformation the drug?

A
  • the liver
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8
Q

what is cytochrome p-450 (CYP)?

A
  • the enzyme the liver uses to break down drugs
  • some drugs are CYP inhibitors: inhibit the liver enzyme which can prevent the breakdown of drugs
  • some drugs are CYP inducers: increases the production of CYP requiring higher dose of drugs
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9
Q

what fruit inhibits CYP?

A
  • grapefruit
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10
Q

what is Ativan’s half-life?

A
  • 12 hours
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11
Q

what is excretion and how are drugs excreted?

A
  • elimination of drugs from the body —> through the kidneys
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12
Q

what is pharmacodynamics?

A
  • the way the drug affects the body

—> Primary effect: desired response

—> Secondary effect: desirable (ex. viagara) or undesirable (ex. heartburn)

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13
Q

what is onset?

A
  • time it takes for drug to reach effective concentration
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14
Q

what is peak?

A
  • highest concentration in blood
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15
Q

what is duration?

A
  • amount of time effects of the drug last for
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16
Q

what is the therapeutic index?

A
  • value given that is between the concentration levels that the drug will have a therapeutic effect and toxic effect
17
Q

what is therapeutic drug monitoring?

A
  • Peak: highest

- Trough: lowest

18
Q

what is the agonists receptors?

A
  • activates the receptors —> producing desired response
19
Q

what is the antagonists?

A
  • prevents activation of the receptor —> blocks response
20
Q

What are 3 factors that affect absorption?

A
  • route of administration: (slower or faster)
  • GI tract motility: high fats make poop go slower
  • GI environment: lack of blood flow and pH increases as we age
21
Q

Once the drug is absorbed through the villi of the small intestine, what vein carries the drug to the liver?

A
  • hepatic portal vein

NS 205 (1 decks)

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