Chapter 3-4 Flashcards
population pyramid
a bar graph in pyramid form showing the age and sex composition of a population usually a national one
crude death rate
(CDR) SEE DEATH RATE
demographic equation
the formula that calculates population change. the increase (or decrease) in population is births minus deaths plus (or minus) net migration
doubling time
is the period in size or value. it is applied to population growth, inflation, resource extraction, consumption of goods
transferability
acceptable costs of a spatial exchange, the cost of moving a commodity relative to the ability of the commodity to bear that cost.
migration
the permanent relocation of an individual or a group to a new, usually distant, place of residence and employment.
chain migration
it refers to the social process by which immigrants from a particular town follow others from that ton to a particular city or neighborhood, whether in an immigrant receiving country or in a new, usually urban, location in the home country.
forced migration
refers to the correct movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region. it connotes violent coercion, and is used interchangeably with the terms “displacements”
arithmetic density
the total number of objects in an area
cohorts
a population group unified by specific common characteristics such as age subsequently treated as statistics
carrying capacity
a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size
demography
the scientific study of population with a particular emphasis upon quantitative aspects
population density
is the measurement of population per unit area or unit volume.
mortality
is the condition of being mortal, or susceptible to death
Thomas Robert (TR) Malthus
was an English scholar, influential in political economy and demography
territoriality
individual or a group attempt to identify and establish control over a clearly defined territory consider partially or wholly in exclusive
spatial interaction
the movement of people, goods, information between different places an indication of independence between different geographic locations or areas.
space time prism
a diagram of the volume of space and the length of time within which our activities are confined by constraints of our bodily needs and the means of mobility at our command.
pull factors
characteristics of a locale that act as a attractive forces, drawing migrations from other regions.
push factors
unfavorable characteristics of a locale that contributes to the dissatisfaction of its resident and impel their emigration.
place perception
the acquisition of information about a place or thing through sensory means; the subjective organization and interpretation of acquired information in light of cultural attitudes and individual preferences or experiences.
personal space
An invisible, usually irregular area around a person into which he r she does not willingly admit others. The sense and extent) of personal space is a situational and cultural variable.
Total fertility rate
the average number of children that would be born to each woman if during her childbearing years she bore children at the current year’s rate for women that age.
replacement level
the number of children per woan that will supply just enough births to replace parents and compensate for early deaths, with no allowance for migration effect; usually calculated at between 2.1 and 2.5 children.
population geography
A division of human geography concerned with spatial variations in distribution, composition, growth and movements of population and the relationship of those concerns with the geographic character of areas.
zero population growth
a term suggesting a population in equilibrium, fully stable in numbers of births (plus immigration) equaling deaths (plus emigration).
arable land
the land that is or can be cultivated.
infant mortality
a refinement of death rate to specify the ratio of deaths of infants age 1 year or less per 1000 live births.
intervening opportunity
the concept that closer opportunities will materially reduce the attractiveness of interaction with more distant even slightly better alternatives; a closer alternative source of supply between a demand point and the original source of supply.
critical distance
the distance beyond which cost effort and/or means play a determining role in the willingness of people to travel.
gravity model
a mathematical prediction of the interaction between two bodies as a function of their size and the distance separating them.
channelized migration
the tendency for migration to flow between areas that are socially and economically allied by past migration patterns by economic and trade connections or some other affinity.
activity space
the area in which people move freely on their rounds of regular activity.
printing press
machine that you manually place letters to make words then ink the letters and roll paper over the letters and you could read it like a news paper.
radio
type of communication that uses air waves that travel and could be heard many miles away.
modern form of communication using computers.
town crier
someone that would announce local news to the people.
