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Social studies 9 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Why was the economy of France not thriving?

A

Monarchs placed many restrictions on the business class. No development in the economy.

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1
Q

Who were the bourgeoisie?

A

The French Middle Class/Business Class

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2
Q

What term defines the type of monarchy that existed in France in the 18th century?

A

Absolute Monarchy

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3
Q

Who were the philosophes?

A

Enlightened thinkers who supported Democracy

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4
Q

In the 17th century, before the French Revolution who were the major landowners?

A

Lords (Aristocrats)

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5
Q

What was a seigneur?

A

A feudal lord

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6
Q

How much land would a French farming family require to provide enough food, pay taxes and have enough seed for the following year?

A

2 Acres

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7
Q

What is a cash crop?

A

A crop grown for export not to feed the population

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8
Q

Describe the farming methods used by most 17th century French farmers.

A

Medieval methods

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9
Q

Why did writers of the time describe peasant life as brutal?

A

They were forced to spend part of their time on the Lord’s property they’re often victims of famine and epidemics. No access to education.

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10
Q

What kinds of problems were found in 17th-century Paris?

A

Many people were poor and Paris had many beggars, vagrants and thieves. Income on food.

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11
Q

Why was flour very expensive in Paris?

A

Bread was the staple diet of most French people it was wanted and gave you energy.

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12
Q

In what way was bourgeoisie important to the French economy?

A

They invested in new businesses

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13
Q

Why was it difficult for the bourgeoisie to make a profit with their business?

A

Because of laws and regulations

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14
Q

How long did Louis 14th reign in France?

A

72 years

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15
Q

How did Louis the 14th see himself as the ruler of France?

A

Sun King. “I am the Nation.”

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16
Q

Name the village outside of Paris where Louis 14th built a palace.

A

Versailles

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17
Q

What was life like for nobles living in Louis palace?

A

Wanted Louis approval, ballet lessons in order to move gracefully in the presence of the King. Had little else to do

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18
Q

In what ways did Louis the 14th almost ruin the French economy?

A

Depleted his treasury, involved in politics, decline in the population due to persecution, extravagances.

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19
Q

Why was Louis the 14th persecution of the Huguenots disastrous for the country?

A

It was so intense that it caused a huge decline in population in some parts the country also the Huguenots were usually business people and entrepreneurs.

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20
Q

How effective was the reign of Louis the 15th?

A

Not effective at all. Came to the throne at the age of five. Continue to lead France towards disaster.

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21
Q

Why was Louis the 16th unable to improve conditions for the middle and lower classes?

A

Louis didn’t have the support of the middle class and didn’t understand what was happening. The problems were complex and couldn’t be solved by one person.

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22
Q

Why was Mary Antoinette unpopular when she married King Louis the 16th?

A

She came from Austria.

23
Q

How did Mary Antoinette offend the French inside and outside of court?

A

She offended many aristocrats with her attitude towards traditional French manners and courtesies, also many people were offended by the fact she spent a fortune on herself.

24
Q

How could Mary Antoinnette’s decisions in government be seen as incompetent?

A

She did things without experience to base her judgment and didn’t want to spend her money on other people.

25
Q

What beliefs did philosophes have?

A

Many rejected the idea of absolute monarchs and favoured democracy. They also believed in the ability of science and scientific reasoning to explain the world.

26
Q

How are women important in spreading new ideas?

A

Woman held salon where ideas about society and religion or government could be freely exchanged. It spread new ideas.

27
Q

Who was Madame de Pompadour and what was her involvement with new ideas?

A

The unofficial wife of Louis the 14th. Held many salons and protected freethinkers from royal officials.

28
Q

Who were Mary Astell and Mary Wollstonecraft?

A

English writers who had an influence in France.

29
Q

What did “enlightened” mean?

A

Above all else science and human intelligence were of the highest importance.

30
Q

What did John Locke create?

A

Empiricism

31
Q

What was Empiricism?

A

You could not prove anything unless you experienced it through your own senses. Religious beliefs could not be proved.

32
Q

How did the philosophes view the church and monarchy?

A

“Change or go.” Something holding up progress.

33
Q

Voltaire

A

Absolute Monarchy

34
Q

Montesquieu

A

The ruler had to work with an elected parliament.

35
Q

Rousseau

A

That society needed a social contract that everyone agreed to abide by.

36
Q

Where did Louis 14th obtain the money he spent?

A

Taxing and exploiting

37
Q

What were the two royal court groups?

A

Changes to the economy. Wanted Democracy

38
Q

What change to government did the middle and working class demand?

A

Some kind of democracy

39
Q

What were French soldiers and officers influenced by?

A

The American Revolution

40
Q

What other crisis were building in France during the 1780’s?

A

Famine, Industrial Revolution, mobs/riots, massive debt.

41
Q

How did Louis 16th respond to critics of the government and rioters in Paris?

A

Allowing critics to be imprisoned or killed. He also sent troops to Paris.

42
Q

Describe the purpose and members of the Estate General.

A

Representatives from each estate. They voted as a group like parliament

43
Q

How often did they meet?

A

Only when they were needed

44
Q

Who was it in favour of?

A

The Upper class

45
Q

Why did Louis 16th call the Estates General to meet and what was his hope?

A

His government was in a serious crisis and hoped to raise money and end the rioting.

46
Q

How did the Estates General respond to Louis?

A

They would not “bow down”.

47
Q

Who was the leader of the Third Estate?

A

Count Mirabeau

48
Q

What did they do?

A

Planned to make a new constitution and created the National Assembly

49
Q

What was the Tennis Court Oath and who made the pledge?

A

Delegates made the pledge. To meet until France had a new form of government.

50
Q

Why did riots breakout in Paris?

A

The high price of bread

51
Q

What happened on July 14, 1789?

A

The Bastille was attacked and captured by a mob

52
Q

Who commanded the National Guard?

A

Marquis De Lafayette

53
Q

Why was he famous?

A

A famous hero of the American Revolution.

54
Q

What was the “Great Fear”?

A

That the king’s soldiers and aristocrats would stop the revolution.

55
Q

What did people do in response to their fear?

A

Peasants stormed the Chateaux, killed hundreds of people, burned feudal contracts, invaded offices etc.

Social studies 9 (5 decks)

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