Chapter 3

Question 0

Cohesion

Answer 0

The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds

Question 1

Polar molecule

Answer 1

A molecule (such as water) with opposite charges in different ends of the molecule

Question 2

Adhesion

Answer 2

The attraction between different kinds of molecules

Question 3

Surface tension

Answer 3

A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has high ________ because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules

Question 4

Solution

Answer 4

A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Question 5

Solvent

Answer 5

The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile ______ known.

Question 6

Solute

Answer 6

A substance that is dissolved in a solution

Question 7

Aqueous solution

Answer 7

A solution in which water is the solvent

Question 8

Hydrophilic

Answer 8

Having an affinity for water

Question 9

Hydrophobic

Answer 9

Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water

Question 10

Acid

Answer 10

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Question 11

Base

Answer 11

A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Question 12

Buffers

Answer 12

A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution

Question 13

Acid precipitation

Answer 13

Rain, snow or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.2

Question 14

Hydrocarbons

Answer 14

An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen

Question 15

Hydroxyl group

Answer 15

A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols

Question 16

Organic chemistry

Answer 16

The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).

Question 17

Functional groups

Answer 17

A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually found in chemical reactions

Question 18

Amino group

Answer 18

A chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1+

Question 19

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 19

An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when it’s phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells

Question 20

Phosphate group

Answer 20

A chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer

Question 21

Methyl group

Answer 21

A chemic group consisting of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms. May be attached to a carbon or to a different atom