Chapter 3 Flashcards
Cohesion
The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds
Polar molecule
A molecule (such as water) with opposite charges in different ends of the molecule
Adhesion
The attraction between different kinds of molecules
Surface tension
A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has high ________ because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules
Solution
A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Solvent
The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile ______ known.
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution
Aqueous solution
A solution in which water is the solvent
Hydrophilic
Having an affinity for water
Hydrophobic
Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water
Acid
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
Base
A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
Buffers
A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution
Acid precipitation
Rain, snow or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.2
Hydrocarbons
An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydroxyl group
A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols
Organic chemistry
The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).
Functional groups
A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually found in chemical reactions
Amino group
A chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1+
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when it’s phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells
Phosphate group
A chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer
Methyl group
A chemic group consisting of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms. May be attached to a carbon or to a different atom
