Chapter 3

Question 0

Suffragette movement

Answer 0

• end of 1800’s

- women joined together to obtain suffrage (right to vote)

Question 1

Women’s rights 150 years ago

Answer 1

• excluded from universities
• couldn’t run for office
• few career opportunities

Question 2

Dr. Emily Stowe

Answer 2

• established Canada’s first suffrage union in 1876

- fought for suffrage rights

Question 3

Nellie McClung

Answer 3

• established suffrage union in 1912

- convinced Manitoba to give women the right to vote in 1916

Question 4

Women in WW1

Answer 4

• worked in factories & farms while men were overseas
• women in Canada could vote by end of War
• men reclaimed their jobs when they came home from war –> women returned to traditional roles

Question 5

Agnes MacPhail

Answer 5

• first female MP

Question 6

Person’s Case

Answer 6

• in 1927, “Famous Five” asked parl. to define the term “person” - does it include women?
• Supreme Court said no –> women couldn’t be senators
• in 1929, British Court overruled it –> women were persons & could become senators

Question 7

Carine Wilson

Answer 7

• first female senator

Question 8

Women in WW2

Answer 8

• joined the army but were paid 20% less than men and weren’t allowed to fight in combat

Question 9

Women’s rights In the 50’s and 60’s

Answer 9

• 1955: legislation favouring hiring of men was abolished

- 1960: Canadian bill of rights passed –> states that it’s illegal to discriminate someone based on their sex

Question 10

Women’s rights in the charter

Answer 10

• in 1982, women’s rights were protected under section 28 of Charter

Question 11

Women’s Issues Today

Answer 11

• although pay equity is law, inequalities persist, and women are still discriminated upon in the workplace
• although Employment Equity Act is in effect, some organizations fail to hire & promote minority groups such as women

Question 12

Collective Rights for Natives

Answer 12

• Come from occupying Canada for thousands of years as distinct nations
• focus on land and the right to self-government

Question 13

Natives in the 1600’s

Answer 13

• when Europeans arrived, military alliances and partnerships were formed
• Europeans depended on First Nations to maintain fur trade

Question 14

Royal Proclamation of 1763

Answer 14

• states that individuals couldn’t privately buy land from Natives
• framework for treaty making
• “Native Magna Carta”: recognizes Natives as nations

Question 15

Native Rights in the 1800’s

Answer 15

• seen as “barriers” by Europeans looking for cheap farmland
• gov. created treaties to remove Native People from their land and place them in reserves to assimilate them into society

Question 16

Indian Act of 1868

Answer 16

• defined who was “Indian”

- banned various traditions

Question 17

Residential Schools

Answer 17

• ran by Churches until the 1960’s

- took native children from families & punished them for speaking their language

Question 18

Native lobbyists & leaders

Answer 18

• in the 1950’s, Natives began to fight to reverse assimilation
• Native Indian Brotherhood (later known as Assembly of First Nations) lobbied gov. to settle land claims
• Trudeau’s White Paper of 1969 made Natives more determined to fight for their rights

Question 19

Nisga’a Case

Answer 19

• gov. Recognized that they had legal title to their land
• gov. Introduced process for negotiating land claims settlements
• in 1998, they signed the first-ever treaty between a Native Group and the BC government

Question 20

Wet’suwet’en & Gitxsan case

Answer 20

• court defined meaning of Native Title

- outlined what they could demand once they’d established Native Title

Question 21

Native Rights & Canada’s Consititution

Answer 21

• section 25 of charter & section 35 of constitution act addresses native rights

Question 22

Elijah Harper

Answer 22

• opposed Meech Accord of 1990 because it didn’t recognize First Nations as Equal Founding Partners
• champion of Native Rights

Question 23

Native Rights Today

Answer 23

• still face barriers to equality
• communities in state of crisis
• racism still occurs
• how to solve these problems remains up for debate

Question 24

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923

Answer 24

• abolished head tax

- made it impossible for Chinese citizens to move to Canada

Question 25

Chinese people and the Canadian Pacific Railway

Answer 25

• Chinese people built railway in the 1800’s
• earned half of what others earned
• weren’t welcome in Canada after railroad’s completion
• parl. imposed Chinese Head Tax

Question 26

Anti-Asian sentiment

Answer 26

• gov. Discouraged Asian immigrants
• prevented Asians from voting or having jobs
• Laurier gov. Introduced regulation to prevent immigration from India

Question 27

Immigration Act

Answer 27

• gov. Could reject immigrants from “unsuitable” races

- dept. of immigration made a list of preferred countries –> continued legal discrimination against Asians

Question 28

Discrimination in WW1

Answer 28

• Ukrainians branded as enemy aliens –> thousands imprisoned

Question 29

Japanese discrimination in WW2

Answer 29

• placed in internment camps due to Pearl Harbour Attack
• worked for gov. For 25 cents a day
• gov. confiscated & sold their property
• thousands deported to Japan

Question 30

Jewish discrimination in WW2

Answer 30

• refused entry of Jewish refugees –> felt like they would upset ethnic balance
• forced them back to Europe where they died in Holocaust

Question 31

King’s Immigration Policy

Answer 31

• created selection process to ensure that number of immigrants didn’t exceed capacity
• only “desirable future citizens” admitted –> aka Europeans –> thousands came to Canada to escape results of WW2

Question 32

New Immigration Policy of 1967

Answer 32

• gov. eliminated race, religion, and origin as basis for selecting immigrants
• introduced points system to select immigrants based on ability, not nationality –> African, Asian, and Latin immigrants arrived and Canada became multicultural

Question 33

Immigration & Refugee Act of 2001

Answer 33

• new selection criteria to identify highly skilled immigrants as well as suspected criminals/terrorists
• more specific about visitor visas –> must leave when visa expires

Question 34

Pierre Trudeau’s role in gay rights

Answer 34

• decriminalized homosexuality in 1967

Question 35

Stonewall Inn riot

Answer 35

• 1969

- start of the gay rights movement in North America

Question 36

Gay rights in Canadian Human Rights Act

Answer 36

• in 1996, federal gov. added “sexual orientation” to the act to prevent discrimination against homosexuals by the gov.
• however, gay people were NOT included in the charter

Question 37

Gay rights in 1997

Answer 37

• federal gov. extends employee benefits to members of same-sex couples

Question 38

Gay Rights in 1999

Answer 38

• due to case of M vs H, Supreme Court ruled that same-sex couples have the same rights & responsibilities as heterosexual couples