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Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

As blood pressure travels away from the heart, the pressure of the circulating blood _____, spreading through arteries and capillaries and back toward the heart through the veins.

A

Decreases

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1
Q

Tachycardia

A
  • more than 100 bpm

* rapid: > 100 bpm

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2
Q

A normal pulse oximetry reading for a person breathing room air is _____?

A

In the high 90’s ( 95% or more)

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3
Q

Normal respiration occurs at a rate of ____ to ____ breaths per minute.

A

12-20 breaths per minute

* varies based on age and conditions

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4
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Infectious disease that usually infects the lungs

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5
Q

Conjunctivitis

A
  • pink eye

* inflammation of the eye

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6
Q

E. Coli

A

Intestinal bacterial infection

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7
Q

Influenza

A
  • flu

* respiratory infection

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8
Q

Mumps

A

Contagious viral disease with pain and swelling of the salivary glands

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9
Q

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

A
  • MRSA

* bacterial infection resistant to antibiotics

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10
Q

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

A
  • SARS

* serious form of pneumonia

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11
Q

Small pox

A

Contagious viral disease

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12
Q

Impetigo

A

Contagious skin infection

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13
Q

Pertussis

A
  • whooping cough

* highly contagious respiratory disease

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14
Q

Measles ( rubella)

A

Viral disease causing a rash

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15
Q

Monoclueosis

A
  • mono

* viral infection

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16
Q

Herpes

A

Viral infection

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17
Q

Pneumonia

A

Bacterial lung infection

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18
Q

Meningitis

A

Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections causing inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

Strep throat

A

Throat infection

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20
Q

Chicken pox

A

Viral infection that causes an itchy, blister- like rash

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21
Q

Shingles

A

Viral infection that causes a painful rash

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22
Q

Anthrax

A

Acute bacterial disease

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23
Q

Scabies

A

Itchy skin rash

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24
Q

Hepatitis A & B

A

Inflammation of the liver

25
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

Hospital acquired infection

26
Q

Standard precautions

A

Basic infection control guidelines used to reduce the risks of infection spread through these transmission modes: airborne, droplet, and contact

27
Q

Examples of vital signs include (4)

A

Pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, body temperature

28
Q

Systolic

A
  • contraction of the ventricles to pump blood to the body
  • higher number
  • top number
29
Q

Diastolic

A
  • ventricles are filling, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle
  • lower number
  • bottom number
30
Q

Blood pressure

A

Pressure exerted by circulating blood

31
Q

Vital signs

A

Refers to the observable and measurable signs of life

32
Q

Pulse

A

An easy and effective way to measure heart rate; recorded as beats per minute ( bpm )

33
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregular heartbeat

* also called dysrhythmia

34
Q

Respiration

A
  • process of inhaling and exhaling air
  • primary function is to obtain oxygen for use by the body’s cells and to eliminate the cell’s production of carbon dioxide
35
Q

Body mechanics

A

Refers to using the correct muscles to complete a task safely, efficiently, and without undue strain on any muscles or joints

36
Q

List the 4 basic principles of body mechanics

A
  1. Maintain a stable center of gravity
  2. Maintain a strong base of support
  3. Keep back straight and objects close to body
  4. Maintain proper body alignment through good posture
37
Q

Joseph Lister

A
  • infection control
  • decided to spray carbolic acid on wounds, dressings, and surgical instruments which significantly reduced post surgical deaths
38
Q

Patient focused care

A
  • PFC
  • represents a national movement to recapture the respect and good will of the American public
  • considerate of patient: age, cultural traditions, personal values, and lifestyle
  • communication to the patient- explain what you are going to do
39
Q

Cyanosis

A
  • changes in a patients color

* bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood

40
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures

41
Q

OSHA

A

Standards for reducing occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens

42
Q

Describe the factors necessary to prepare a sterile field

A

All materials in a sterile field must be sterile, and all objects added to a sterile field must also be sterile

43
Q

Strenuous activity, coronary disease, and electrolyte imbalances in the blood can cause ____

A

Arrhythmias

44
Q

Symptoms of hypotension

A
  • lightheadedness
  • dizziness
  • fainting
  • these symptoms are most prominent when individuals go from a lying/sitting position to the standing position ( orthostatic hypotension )
45
Q

Wheezing

A
  • hard breathing with a high pitch
  • hard breathing with a whistling or high pitched sound, resulting from constriction or obstruction of the breathing tube
46
Q

Hyperventilation

A
  • rapid breathing
  • rapid breathing in excess of body requirements, such breathing results in an excessive loss of carbon dioxide from the body
47
Q

Respiratory arrest

A
  • life threatening loss of O2 or an increase of CO2
  • a life threatening stoppage of breathing that requires emergency medical assistance, it is caused by an excessive loss of oxygen or by an increase of excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
48
Q

Lifting should be done using the ____ muscles, by lifting straight upward in one smooth motion

A

Leg

49
Q

The most important weapon against the spread of infection is proper ____

A

Handwashing

50
Q

You should wash your hands whenever you come into contact with these 5 substances

A
  1. Blood
  2. All body fluids ( secretions, excretions, and contaminated items- only body fluid exception is perspiration)
  3. Broken skin
  4. Mucous membranes (inside the mouth, nose, and eyelids)
  5. Dried blood and/or body fluids
51
Q

When should a mask be worn

A

Wear a mask, eye protection, and a face shield whenever performing procedures likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions

52
Q

What should be used to clean the transducer?

A

Steriseptic cleaner

53
Q

Name 4 airborne diseases

A
  1. Tuberculosis
  2. Measles
  3. Chicken pox
  4. Shingles
54
Q

Name 1 of the most serious of contact diseases

A

MRSA
A form of staph bacteria that live on the skin and nasal passages of 1/3 of the worlds population and are resistant to certain broad spectrum antibiotics

55
Q

Name 6 droplet diseases

A
  1. Mumps
  2. Measles (rubella)
  3. Whooping cough (pertussis)
  4. Pneumonia
  5. Meningitis (specific forms)
  6. Strep throat
56
Q

List the rights that patients have in a medical setting

A
  • be treated with respect
  • make a treatment choice
  • refuse treatment
  • obtain their medical records
  • privacy of their medical records
  • informed consent
  • make decisions about end of life care
57
Q

List the responsibilities a patient has

A
  • maintain healthy habits
  • be respectful to providers
  • be honest with providers
  • comply with treatment plans
  • prepare for emergencies
  • read behind the headlines
  • make decisions responsibly
58
Q

Normal adult pulse

A

60-100 bpm

59
Q

What is HIPPA?

A

The health portability & accountability act of 1996 that established new standards for the use of health care information. 3 types of standards were created by HIPPA: privacy, security, & administrative simplification

60
Q

When a pulse is taken, what artery is usually palpated?

A

Radial

61
Q

Isolated systolic hypertension

A

Exists when systolic pressure is above 140 mmHg, while diastolic pressure remains below 90 mmHg

Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography (2 decks)

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