Chapter 3 Flashcards
As blood pressure travels away from the heart, the pressure of the circulating blood _____, spreading through arteries and capillaries and back toward the heart through the veins.
Decreases
Tachycardia
- more than 100 bpm
* rapid: > 100 bpm
A normal pulse oximetry reading for a person breathing room air is _____?
In the high 90’s ( 95% or more)
Normal respiration occurs at a rate of ____ to ____ breaths per minute.
12-20 breaths per minute
* varies based on age and conditions
Tuberculosis
Infectious disease that usually infects the lungs
Conjunctivitis
- pink eye
* inflammation of the eye
E. Coli
Intestinal bacterial infection
Influenza
- flu
* respiratory infection
Mumps
Contagious viral disease with pain and swelling of the salivary glands
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- MRSA
* bacterial infection resistant to antibiotics
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
- SARS
* serious form of pneumonia
Small pox
Contagious viral disease
Impetigo
Contagious skin infection
Pertussis
- whooping cough
* highly contagious respiratory disease
Measles ( rubella)
Viral disease causing a rash
Monoclueosis
- mono
* viral infection
Herpes
Viral infection
Pneumonia
Bacterial lung infection
Meningitis
Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections causing inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
Strep throat
Throat infection
Chicken pox
Viral infection that causes an itchy, blister- like rash
Shingles
Viral infection that causes a painful rash
Anthrax
Acute bacterial disease
Scabies
Itchy skin rash
Hepatitis A & B
Inflammation of the liver
Nosocomial infection
Hospital acquired infection
Standard precautions
Basic infection control guidelines used to reduce the risks of infection spread through these transmission modes: airborne, droplet, and contact
Examples of vital signs include (4)
Pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, body temperature
Systolic
- contraction of the ventricles to pump blood to the body
- higher number
- top number
Diastolic
- ventricles are filling, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle
- lower number
- bottom number
Blood pressure
Pressure exerted by circulating blood
Vital signs
Refers to the observable and measurable signs of life
Pulse
An easy and effective way to measure heart rate; recorded as beats per minute ( bpm )
Arrhythmia
Irregular heartbeat
* also called dysrhythmia
Respiration
- process of inhaling and exhaling air
- primary function is to obtain oxygen for use by the body’s cells and to eliminate the cell’s production of carbon dioxide
Body mechanics
Refers to using the correct muscles to complete a task safely, efficiently, and without undue strain on any muscles or joints
List the 4 basic principles of body mechanics
- Maintain a stable center of gravity
- Maintain a strong base of support
- Keep back straight and objects close to body
- Maintain proper body alignment through good posture
Joseph Lister
- infection control
- decided to spray carbolic acid on wounds, dressings, and surgical instruments which significantly reduced post surgical deaths
Patient focused care
- PFC
- represents a national movement to recapture the respect and good will of the American public
- considerate of patient: age, cultural traditions, personal values, and lifestyle
- communication to the patient- explain what you are going to do
Cyanosis
- changes in a patients color
* bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood
Pulse pressure
Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures
OSHA
Standards for reducing occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens
Describe the factors necessary to prepare a sterile field
All materials in a sterile field must be sterile, and all objects added to a sterile field must also be sterile
Strenuous activity, coronary disease, and electrolyte imbalances in the blood can cause ____
Arrhythmias
Symptoms of hypotension
- lightheadedness
- dizziness
- fainting
- these symptoms are most prominent when individuals go from a lying/sitting position to the standing position ( orthostatic hypotension )
Wheezing
- hard breathing with a high pitch
- hard breathing with a whistling or high pitched sound, resulting from constriction or obstruction of the breathing tube
Hyperventilation
- rapid breathing
- rapid breathing in excess of body requirements, such breathing results in an excessive loss of carbon dioxide from the body
Respiratory arrest
- life threatening loss of O2 or an increase of CO2
- a life threatening stoppage of breathing that requires emergency medical assistance, it is caused by an excessive loss of oxygen or by an increase of excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
Lifting should be done using the ____ muscles, by lifting straight upward in one smooth motion
Leg
The most important weapon against the spread of infection is proper ____
Handwashing
You should wash your hands whenever you come into contact with these 5 substances
- Blood
- All body fluids ( secretions, excretions, and contaminated items- only body fluid exception is perspiration)
- Broken skin
- Mucous membranes (inside the mouth, nose, and eyelids)
- Dried blood and/or body fluids
When should a mask be worn
Wear a mask, eye protection, and a face shield whenever performing procedures likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions
What should be used to clean the transducer?
Steriseptic cleaner
Name 4 airborne diseases
- Tuberculosis
- Measles
- Chicken pox
- Shingles
Name 1 of the most serious of contact diseases
MRSA
A form of staph bacteria that live on the skin and nasal passages of 1/3 of the worlds population and are resistant to certain broad spectrum antibiotics
Name 6 droplet diseases
- Mumps
- Measles (rubella)
- Whooping cough (pertussis)
- Pneumonia
- Meningitis (specific forms)
- Strep throat
List the rights that patients have in a medical setting
- be treated with respect
- make a treatment choice
- refuse treatment
- obtain their medical records
- privacy of their medical records
- informed consent
- make decisions about end of life care
List the responsibilities a patient has
- maintain healthy habits
- be respectful to providers
- be honest with providers
- comply with treatment plans
- prepare for emergencies
- read behind the headlines
- make decisions responsibly
Normal adult pulse
60-100 bpm
What is HIPPA?
The health portability & accountability act of 1996 that established new standards for the use of health care information. 3 types of standards were created by HIPPA: privacy, security, & administrative simplification
When a pulse is taken, what artery is usually palpated?
Radial
Isolated systolic hypertension
Exists when systolic pressure is above 140 mmHg, while diastolic pressure remains below 90 mmHg
