Chapter 3 Flashcards
Carbohydrate**
Disaccharide
Two monosaccharides bonded together
Sucrose
Energy storage
Lipids**
Phospholipid
Polar phosphate group+2 fatty acids bonded to glycerol
Organic molecules, what’s so special?
They have a carbon skeleton bonded to hydrogen atoms
Nucleotide
5 carbon sugar+
Base+
Phosphate group
Ex) ATP
What is so unique about carbon bonding to other molecules?
Only has four valence electrons
So it can form up to 4 bonds or even double or tripe bonds and organic molecules can therefore form complex shapes
Functional groups
Groups of atoms which help determine the characteristics and chemical reactivity of the molecules
How do complex molecules form?
Dehydration synthesis-to form by removing water
*a hydrogen ion is removed and a hydroxyl ion is removed leaving openings for two additional subunits
Lipids**
Steroids
4 fused rings of carbon
Cholesterol
Component of membrane cells
Hydroxyl group
Polar; involved in dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
Where are hydroxyl’s found?
Sugars, starches, etc
What is carboxyl acid?
Carbon+ oxygen
Involved in peptide bonds
Found in amino acids and nucleic acids
Phosphate group
Acidic
Links nucleotides
Energy carrier in ATP
found in nucleic acids and phospholipids
Carbohydrate***
Monosaccharide
Simple sugar
Glucose
Energy source
Proteins**
Peptide
Short chains of amino acid
Oxytocin
Hormone
Why can’t we digest cellulose?
We can’t break it down
