Chapter 3 Flashcards
Coordination
process of organizing efficient pattern to achieve a specific goal
Control
manipulation of variables within movement to meet the demands of given situation
Degrees of Freedom
human body’s independent elements that produce numerous action possibilities
Motor Program Theories
command center in brain is thought to make all decisions regarding movement
Dynamic Interaction Theories
command center couldn’t account for all variations & adjustments in skilled movement; movement results from interaction of numerous variables in body, environment, & skill
Invariant Features
relatively fixed elements; define motor program itself; some underlying features of a movement remain constant
Parameters
more flexible elements; define the program’s execution; some features of a movement are flexible & easily modified from one performance to next
Degrees of Freedom Problem
how we coordinate & control degrees of freedom to produce a particular movement
Schema
directs decision making when learner is faced w/ a movement decision; develops as result of accumulated experiences; w/ each mov. attempt, learner subconsciously abstracts info.
Recall Schema
responsible for organizing the motor program
Recognition Schema
responsible for evaluating the movement attempt
Open-loop Control Mechanism
command center generates action plans for initiating a response; action plans are carried out by limbs & muscles w/ out modification
Closed-loop Control Mechanism
feedback is used to modify on-going actions; dependent on time
Dynamic System Theory
movement patterns emerge, or self-organize, as a function of dynamic interaction among learner, environment, & task
Constraints
all of the factors, both limiting & enabling, within the practice environment that influence skill acquisition & performance
