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Pharmacy Tech > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Apothecary weight system

A

20 grains = 1 scruple
3 scruples = 1 dram
8 drams = 1 ounce
12 ounces = 1 pound

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1
Q

Household volume system

A 
5 ml = 1 teaspoon
3 tsp = 1 tablespoon
2 tblspn = 1 fluid ounce
8 fl oz = 1 cup
2 cup = 1 pint
2 pint = 1 quart
4 quart = 1 gallon
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2
Q

Apothecary volume system

A

60 minims = 1 fluid dram
8 fluid drams = 1 fl oz
16 fl oz = 1 pint

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3
Q

Dose to be given

A

Desired dose (dd)/dose on hand (dh) x quantity = dose to be given

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4
Q

Child’s dose

A

Body surface area (square meters) / 1.73 m squared x adult dose = approximate dose for child

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5
Q

Temperature conversion

A

9c = 5f - 150

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6
Q

Signs of product instability

A

Physical instabilities - changes in color/ formation of precipitate

Chemical - may not be noticeable; changes in ph or chemical decomposition

Therapeutic. - mixing of two drugs, result in therapeutic response

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7
Q

Freezer

A

-25 and -10

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8
Q

Cold

A

Not exceeding 8c

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9
Q

Cool

A

Between 8 and 15c

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10
Q

Controlled cool temp

A

2-8c

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11
Q

Controlled room temp

A

20-25c

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12
Q

Warm

A

30-40c

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13
Q

Excessive heat

A

Above 40c

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14
Q

Dry place

A

Less than 40% humidity

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15
Q

Advantages of solid dose forms

A 
Easy to package/transport/dispense
Can do self dosing
No smell or Taste
Very stable
Predicated dosage form
can do sustained or delayed release
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16
Q

Tablet

A

Done by compressing or molding

Can be broken in halves or quarters

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17
Q

Capsule

A

Has a gelatin shell
Can be solid or liquid
Can be spherical or ovoid
Can be made by punch method

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18
Q

Effervescent salts

A

Granules or powders

Release co2 when dissolved in water

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19
Q

Implants or pellets

A

Placed under skin thru injection

Effective for a long time

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20
Q

Plaster

A

Adhere to skin by a backing material

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21
Q

Powders

A

Can be administered internally or externally

Not stable when exposed to air

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22
Q

Aromatic waters

A

Water - containing oils

Have a smell and are volatile

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23
Q

Collodion

A

Has pyroxylin

Dissolved in alcohol or ether

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24
Q

Elixir

A

Clear sweetened flavored hydro alcoholic solution

Has water and alcohol that May or may not be medicated

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25
Q

Enema

A

Administered rectally

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26
Q

Extract

A

Solution in which the active ingredients are removed from their source thru solvents

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27
Q

Douche

A

An irrigating or bathing solution

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28
Q

Liniments

A

Applied thru rubbing

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29
Q

Spirits

A

Alcoholic or hydro alcoholic

Has volatile aromatic ingredients

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30
Q

Syrups

A

Has sucrose

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31
Q

Tinctures

A

Alcoholic or hydro alcoholic solutions of pure chemicals or extracts

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32
Q

Lotion

A

Liquid that has insoluble solids or liquids

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33
Q

Gel

A

Two phase system

Semisolid, has extremely fine particles

34
Q

Ointment

A

Semisolid / greasy thick oil

High viscosity

35
Q

Anhydrous ointment

A

Absorb water
Insoluble in water
Not water washable

36
Q

Oleaginous ointment

A

Insoluble in water
Don’t contain or absorb water
Not water washable

37
Q

Pastes

A

Contain more solid materials than ointments

38
Q

Cream

A

An emulsion of oil and water in approximately equal proportions

39
Q

Mortar and pestle

A

Used to mix ingredients

40
Q

Glass

A

Mix liquids and semisolids

41
Q

Wedgwood

A

Used for trituration of crystals, granules and powders

42
Q

Porcelain

A

Used for blending of powders

43
Q

Blending

A

Combining two substances

44
Q

Comminution

A

Reducing a substance to fine particles

45
Q

Levigation

A

Trituration of a powder drug with a solvent in which the drug is insoluble

46
Q

Pulverization by intervention

A

Reducing the size of a particle in a solid using an additional material

47
Q

Sifting

A

A technique to blend or combine powders

48
Q

Spatulation

A

Mixing powders using a spatula
Ingredients may liquefy on mixing
No reduction in particle size

49
Q

Trituration

A

Rubbing, grinding , or pulverizing a powder to create fine particles

50
Q

Tumbling

A

Combining powders in a bag and shaking it

51
Q

Punch method procedure for capsules

A

Mix using geometric dilution

52
Q

Preparing an emulsion using the wet gum method

A

One part gum and two parts water to form a mucilage
Add four parts oil - triturate slowly
Add additional ingredients

53
Q

Continental/ dry gum method

A

One part gum, two parts water, four parts oil at same time
Wedgwood used to levigate gum and oil
Water is added and trituration continues

54
Q

Beaker method

A

Water soluble and oil solute ingredients mixed in separate containers
Heat both phases
Mix
Final product cooled to room temp

55
Q

Ante area

A

Area where everything is prepared

56
Q

BUD

A

date a drug can’t be used anymore

57
Q

Buffer area

A

Where hoods are kept and IV preparations take place

58
Q

Critical site

A

An area exposed to air or touch- like vial, needle, or ampule

59
Q

Direct compounding area (dca)

A

ISO class 5 area

60
Q

Media-fill test

A

Test to make sure there wasn’t any contamination during the prep phase

61
Q

Negative pressure room

A

Away from adjacent rooms

62
Q

Positive pressure rooms

A

Out of or toward adjacent rooms

63
Q

Type A hood

A

Recirculate part of the air within the hood

64
Q

Type b1 hood

A

Expel most contaminated air thru a duct to outside and passes thru hepa filter

65
Q

Type b2 hood

A

Remove all contaminated air to outside

66
Q

Type b3 hood

A

Use recycled air within the hood

67
Q

low risk level 1

A 
use class 100 laminar flow hood
no more than 3 products
68
Q

medium risk level 2

A

no antibiotic present

multiple doses in one container

69
Q

high risk level 3

A

all low or medium risk plus sterile products

70
Q

preparing chemotherapy meds

A

use vertical laminar flow hood
special chemotherapy clothing
hands in hood shouldnt be on top of needle, vial, or iv bag

71
Q

preparing parenteral antineoplastics

A

safety cabinet covered with a plastic-backed absorbent paper
double gloves

72
Q

preparing TPN - total parenteral nutrition

A

premixed from manufacturer, but electrolytes, vitamins, and medications may be added at pharmacy
tpn = 50% dextrose, 10% aa, 20% fat

73
Q

compounding methods for TPN

A

method 1: amino acids + dextrose, then fat, then additives
method 2: amino acids + fat, then dextrose, then additives
method 3: everything added at same time, then additives

74
Q

preparing radiopharmaceuticals

A

person must wear meter
qc test is performed
vertical flow hood

75
Q

solid waste

A

all solid, liquid and gaseous waste

76
Q

hazardous material

A

any trash that could cause adverse effects on health and safety
must have msds

77
Q

infections waste

A

blood, blood products, bodily fluids, infectious sharps waste, lab waste

78
Q

ignitability

A

has flash point less than 60c; potassium permanganate, silver nitrate, collodion

79
Q

corrosivity

A

has a pH less than 2 or greater than 12.5; glacial acetic acid, NaOH

80
Q

reactivity

A

liable to explode, react violently, or release toxic gases when in contact w water; nitroglycerin

81
Q

toxicity

A

conc of a substance thats above the limit; zinc, selenium

82
Q

p list waste (controlled substances)

A 
warfarin greater than .3%
arsenic trioxide
phentermine
nicotine
physostigmine
epinephrine
nitroglycerin
83
Q

examples of hazardous drugs

A 
asparaginase
azathioprine
bicalutamide
bleomycin
carmustine
chloramphenicol
dacarbazine
estradiol
fluoxymesterone
oxytocin
progesterone
raloxifene
tacrolimus
tretinoin
zidovudine

Pharmacy Tech (4 decks)

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