Chapter 3 - 1.A Bacteria and Archaea Flashcards
Histones
Proteins associated with eukaryotic DNA. These simple proteins serve as winding spools to compact and condense the chromosomes.
glycosidic
Any of a group of organic compounds, occurring abundantly in plants, that yield a sugar and one or more nonsugar substances on hydrolysis.
Attenuate
reduce the force, effect, or value of.
“this research provides a glimmer of hope that coral reefs can attenuate the effects of ocean acidification”
reduce in thickness; make thin.
reduced in force, effect, or physical thickness.
“the doctrines of Christianity became very attenuate and distorted”
Distention
abnormal swelling in a person’s or animal’s body
Cyanosis
a bluish coloration of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by lack of oxygen or abnormal hemoglobin in the blood
Edema
the medical term for swelling. Body parts swell from injury or inflammation. It can affect a small area or the entire body. Medications, pregnancy, infections, and many other medical problems can cause edema. Edema happens when your small blood vessels leak fluid into nearby tissues.
lymphadenopathy
refers to the enlargement of one or more lymph nodes, the bean-shaped glands found in the neck, armpits, chest, groin, and abdomen. Lymphadenopathy may occur in just one part of the body, in which case it is referred to as “localized” or it may be present in two or more body areas, in which case it is referred to as “generalized.” The condition most commonly affects nodes in the neck (cervical lymph nodes).
Jaundice
a problem with the liver or bile ducts. When the liver is not working properly, it can cause a waste material called bilirubin to build up in the blood. With moderate bilirubin levels, a person’s skin, eyes, and mucous membranes can turn yellow.
leukocytosis
a type of white blood cell (WBC) that help protect your body against illness and infection.
Leukocytosis is condition characterized by increased levels of leukocytes in the blood. Although this typically occurs when you’re sick, it can also be caused by several other factors, such as stress.
contraindications
Anything (including a symptom or medical condition) that is a reason for a person to not receive a particular treatment or procedure because it may be harmful. For example, having a bleeding disorder is a contraindication for taking aspirin because treatment with aspirin may cause excess bleeding.
morphology
Endotoxin
a toxin that is present inside a bacterial cell and is released when the cell disintegrates. It is sometimes responsible for the characteristic symptoms of a disease, e.g., in botulism.
Lysis
the disintegration of a cell by rupture of the cell wall or membrane.
oligosaccharide
a carbohydrate whose molecules are composed of a relatively small number of monosaccharide units.
porin
any of a class of proteins whose molecules can form channels (large enough to allow the passage of small ions and molecules) through cellular membranes.
antigen
a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
Cell membrane
a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space) and protects the cell from its environment.[1][2] The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, made up of two layers of phospholipids with cholesterols (a lipid component) interspersed between them, maintaining appropriate membrane fluidity at various temperatures. The membrane also contains membrane proteins, including integral proteins that span the membrane and serve as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that loosely attach to the outer (peripheral) side of the cell membrane, acting as enzymes to facilitate interaction with the cell’s environment.[
extracellular matrix
A large network of proteins and other molecules that surround, support, and give structure to cells and tissues in the body. The extracellular matrix helps cells attach to, and communicate with, nearby cells, and plays an important role in cell growth, cell movement, and other cell functions.
cell envelope
comprises the inner cell membrane and the cell wall of a bacterium. In gram-negative bacteria an outer membrane is also included.[1] This envelope is not present in the Mollicutes where the cell wall is absent.
