Chapter 3 Flashcards
Art history is also called?
Art historiography
___________ is the historical study of the visual arts, being concerned with identifying, classifying, describing, evaluating, interpreting, and understanding the art products and historic development of the fields of painting, sculpture, architecture, the decorative arts, drawing, printmaking, photography, inter
design.
Art history
When was art history raised to the status of an academic discipline?
mid- 19th century
Who is the individual that raised art history into an academic discipline?
Swiss Jacob Burckhardt
Major 20th century art historians
- Henri Focillan
- Bernard Berenson
- Abyb Wargbug
- Emlie Male
- Erwin Panofsky
- Ernst Gombrich
Succeeding generations of art historian
Michael Fried
Rosalind
Karuss
Donald Kuspit
Giselda Pollack
The earliest form of art can be traced back to prehistoric times when our ancestors created cave paintings to depict their daily lives and rituals.
Prehistoric art
Cave paintings are also known as?
parietal art
These _____________ were created using simple tools such as animal bones, sticks, and charcoal and depicted images of animals, humans, and abstract symbols
cave paintings
The oldest known cave painting is in Maltravieso Cave, Cáceres, Spain, and was said to be made by a Neanderthal.
red hand stencil
Art refers to the artistic traditions of the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome, which emerged around 3000 BCE and lasted until the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 CE.
Ancient Art
Art in medieval period, which lasted from the 5th to the 15th century, was characterized by the rise of Christianity and the emergence of feudalism
Medieval Art
What are the most famous examples of medieval art?
- Book of Kells
- The Gothic cathedrals of Europe
- The tapestries of the Bayeux
It was the period of artistic, cultural, and intellectual rebirth that emerged in Italy in the 14th century and spread throughout Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Renaissance
The most famous Renaissance artists
- Leonardo da Vinci
- Michelangelo
- Raphael
He is known as ultimate renaissance man
Leonardo da Vinci
Examples of Da Vinci artwork
- Mona Lisa
- The Virgins of the Rocks
- The Last Supper
In fine art, the term “Mannerism” (derived from the Italian word ‘maiera’ meaning style or stylishness) refers to a style of painting, sculpture and architecture that emerged in Rome and Florence between 1510 and 1520, during the later years of the high Renaissance
Mannerism Art
He is one of the great masters of Mannerism
El Greco
What is the named of El Greco’s painting
The Burial of the Count of Orgaz
Art that was characterized by its dramatic and emotional style, as well as its use of ornate decoration and illusionistic techniques.
Baroque Art
It was often used to glorify the Catholic Church and the absolute monarchies of Europe and was characterized by its grandeur, dynamism, and theatricality
Baroque Art
Some of the most famous Baroque artists
- Gian Lorenzo Bernini
- Peter Paul Rubens
- Diego Velázquez
What is the name of the Baroque art by Gian Lorenzo Bernini?
Frescoed Vault of the Room of the Golden Age
____________painting, which originated in early 18th century Paris, is characterize by soft colors and curvy lines, and depicts sense of love, nature, amorous encounters, light-hearted, entertainment, and youth.
Rococo art or painting
The word” rococo” derives from__________, which is French for_____________
rocaille which means rubble or rock
Best known for his Rococo-style painting like La Coquette fixee (The Fascinated Coquette), which depicts an amorous encounter between a female and two males.
Fragonard
The Neoclassical movement emerged in Europe in the mid-18th century and lasted until the early 19th century. Art that was characterized by a return to the classical traditions of Ancient Greece and Rome and was marked by its simplicity, clarity, and rationality.
Neoclassical Art
most famous Neoclassical artists
- Jacques-Louis David
- Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
- Antonio Canova.
A neoclassical art by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
Oedipus and the Sphinx
The Romantic movement emerged in Europe in the late 18th century and lasted until the mid-19th century. Romanticism was characterized by a focus on emotion, imagination, and individualism, as well as a rejection of classical traditions and the Enlightenment.
Romanticism
most famous Romantic artists
- Caspar David Friedrich
- Eugène Delacroix
- William Blake.
The term ____________ was promoted by the French novelist Champfleury during the 1840’s, although it began in earnest in 1855. The style of realist painting spread to almost all genres, including history painting, portraits, genre painting, and landscapes.
Realism
Examples of Realism art
- Harvesters Resting and the Gleaners
by Jean-Francois Mill - Stone Breakers
by Gustave Courbet
Emerged in France in the mid-19th century and lasted until the early 20th century. Can be considered the first distinctly modern movement in painting. Impressionism was characterized by its focus on capturing the fleeting impressions of light and colour in the natural world and was marked by its loose brushwork and vivid, luminous colours
Impressionism
Example of impression art by Claude Monet
Garden at Sainte-Adresse
_____________was both an artistic and a literary movement that suggested ideas through symbols and emphasized the meaning behind the forms, lines, shapes, and colors
Symbolism
An offshoot of the literary Symbolism that influenced visual art was the field of art criticism, particularly that of Albert Aurier
Symbolist Theory and Albert Aurier
Example of symbolist art by James Ensor
Death and Mask
Art that is characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line and was employed most often in architecture, interior design, jewelry and glass design, posters, and illustration.
Art Nouveau developed first in England and soon spread to the European continent, where it was called Jugendstil in Germany, Sezessionstil in Austria, Stile Floreale (Stile Liberty) in Italy, and Modernismo (Modernista) in Spain.
Art Nouveau
Example of Art Nouveau by Alphonse Mucha
Art Nouveau Poster
The two greatest graphic artists of the Art Nouveau movement
- French lithographer Jules Cheret
- Czech lithographer and designer Alphonse Mucha
Style of painting that flourished in France around the turn of the 20th century. Fauve artists used pure, brilliant color aggressively applied straight from the paint tubes to create a sense of an explosion on the canvas
Fauvism
The characteristics of __________ include: a radical use of unnatural colors that separated color from its usual representational and realistic role, giving new, emotional meaning to the colors; creating a strong unified work that appears flat on the canvas;
Fauvism
Example of Fauvism art
by Henri MatisSe
Woman with the Hat
An artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict not objective reality but rather the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse within a person
In a broader sense Expressionism is one of the main currents of art in the later 19th and the 20th centuries, and its qualities of highly subjective, personal, spontaneous self-expression are typical of a wide range of modern artists and art movements.
Expressionism
Examples of expressionism art
- The Scream by Edvard Munch
- Large Blue Horses by Franz Marc
Seven most famous expressionist artist
- Max Beckman
- James Ensor
- Oskar Kokoschka
- August Macke
- Franz Marc
- Edvard Munch
- Egon Schiele
A truly revolutionary style of modern art developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspectives, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro, and refuting time-honored theories that art should imitate nature.
Cubism
Example of Cubism art
Head of a Woman
by Pablo Picasso
An early 20th-century artistic movement centered in Italy, emphasized the dynamism, speed, energy, and power of the machine and the vitality, change, and restlessness of modern life.
Futurism
An artistic and literary movement that began in Zurich, Switzerland. Influenced by other avant garde movements-Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism, and Expressionism-its output was wildly diverse, ranging from performance art to poetry, photography, sculpture, painting, and collage.
Dadaism
Example of Dadaism art
Hannah Hoch (1889-1978 )’ Incision With The Dada Kitchen Knife Through Germany’s Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch’ 1920 (Collage)
Example of surrealism
Collage Poetry
by Andre Breton
The movement that started in Europe in the 1920’s. It is defined as Psychic automatism in its pure state by which we propose to express – verbally, in writing, or any other manner – the real process of thought. Surrealism was first the work of poets and writers.
Surrealism
Russian artist and architectural movement was first influenced by Cubism and Futurism, is generally considered to have been initiated in 1913 with the “painting reliefs” – abstract geometric constructions – of Vladimir Tatlin. It is a from manifesto that the name ‘Constructivism’ was derived; one of the directives that it contained was “ to construct” art.
Constructivism
Example of constructivism art
Ozonator
by Ivan Kliun
An art movement that developed in the United States in the late 1950s and reached its peak in the mid to late 1960s. It is also sometimes called Minimalist Art or ABC Art because it focuses on basic elements.
Minimalism
A reaction to the most prominent style of art pursued in the 1950s Abstract Expressionism, in which the art conveyed multiple meanings of intense emotion, ideas, feelings and was sometimes created spontaneous or unplanned ways.
Minimalism
Example of minimalism art
Frank Stella, The Marriage of Reason and Squalor II, 1959 (Black Painting)
A modern form of contemporary art which gives priority to an idea presented by visual means that are themselves secondary to the idea. It is characterized by its use of text, as well as imagery, along with a variety of ephemeral, typically everyday materials and “found objects”.
Conceptual Art
most famous examples of Conceptual Art
‘Portrait of Iris Clert’ by Robert Rauschenberg
Also called Super-realism is an American art movement that began in the 1960s, taking photography as its inspiration
Photo-Realism
Example of Photo-realism art
- Dinner by John Baeder
- Energy Apples by Audrey Flack
art ranges from the very simple to the very complex. It can be gallery based, computer-based, electronic based, web-based – the possibilities are limitless and depend entirely upon the artist’s concepts and aims.
Installation Art
Art developed in the 20th century, is the term for works, room-sized or larger, in which the whole space is considered a single unified artwork
Installation Art
is a pioneer of installation art in the Philippines, and was mentored by Napoleon Abueva, the “father” of modern Philippine sculpture. Reference:
Luis E. Yee, Jr
