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Ch. 3 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm (axillary) and genital areas; secrete sweat

A

Apocrine glands

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2
Q

small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts; sometimes called goosebumps and papillae

A

Arrector pili muscle

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3
Q

protective barrier of the epidermis; the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration

A

Barrier function

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4
Q

a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules; these membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells

A

Bilayers

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5
Q

glycolipid materials that are a natural part of the skin’s intercellular matrix and barrier function

A

Ceramides

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6
Q

fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis; gives skin its firmness; topically, a large long-chain molecular protein that lies on the top of the skin and binds water; derived from the placentas of cows or other sources

A

Collagen

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7
Q

redness; capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels; commonly seen with telangiectasia.

A

Couperose

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8
Q

another name for a stratum corneum cell; hardened, waterproof, protective keratinocytes; these “dead” protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei

A

corneocytes

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9
Q

contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to skin and follicles

A

epidermis

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10
Q

also known as the derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; support layer of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin below the epidermis
desmosomes: the structures that assist in holding cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins

A

Dermis

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11
Q

sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles; secretions do not produce an offensive odor

A

Eccrine glands

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12
Q

protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness

A

Elastin

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13
Q

abbreviated EGF; stimulates cells to reproduce and heal

A

Epidermal growth factor

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14
Q

outermost layer of skin; a thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings; is made up of five layers: stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

A

Epidermis

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15
Q

A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color; people with dark-colored skin produce mostly eumelanin: there are two types of melanin: the other type is pheomelanin
fibroblasts: cells that stimulate collagen production and amino acids that form proteins to

A

Eumelanin

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16
Q

hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tubelike openings in the epidermis

A

Follicles

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17
Q

caused by an elevation in blood sugar, glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures known as advanced glycation end products (also known as AGES); glycation alters protein structures and decreases biological activity

A

Glycation

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18
Q

large protein molecules and water-binding substances found between the fibers of the dermis; GAGS are polysaccharide-protein and sugar complexes; they work to maintain and support collagen and elastin in the cellular spaces, keeping protein fibers in balance

A

glycosaminoglycans

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19
Q

cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb; papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment

A

Hair papillae

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20
Q

abbreviated as HEV; light emitting from electronic devices, reported to penetrate the skin more deeply than UV rays; damages collagen, hyaluronic acid, and elastin

A

High-energy visible light

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21
Q

hydrating fluids found in the skin; hydrophilic agent with water-binding properties

A

hyaluronic acid

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22
Q

hydrolipidic film is an oil-water balance that protects the skin’s surface

A

hydrolipidic

23
Q

lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation

A

Intercellular matrix

24
Q

fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nails; provides resiliency and protection

25
Q

epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins

A

Keratinocytes

26
Q

guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders, such as bacteria, and then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system

A

Langerhans immune cells

27
Q

Organelles secreted from keratinocytes, resulting in the formation of an impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and required for correct skin barrier function. These bodies release components that are required for skin shedding (desquamation) in the stratum corneum.

A

Lamellar granules

28
Q

white blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites; also respond to allergies
located in the dermis; supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste

A

Leukocytes

29
Q

tiny grains of pigment (coloring matter) that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis; a protein that determines hair, eye, and skin color; produced as a defense mechanism to protect skin from the sun

30
Q

cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer

A

Melanocytes

31
Q

pigment carrying granules that produce melanin, a complex protein

A

Melanosomes

32
Q

:top layer of the dermis; next to the epidermis

A

Papillary layer

33
Q

type of melanin that is red and yellow in color; people with light-colored skin produce mostly pheomelanin; two types of melanin; the other is eumelanin

A

pheomelanin

34
Q

tubelike opening for sweat glands on the epidermis

35
Q

deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous (oil) glands, and nerve endings

A

Reticular layer

36
Q

chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing (redness), telangiectasis (distended or dilated surface blood vessels), and, in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules

37
Q

also known as oil glands; protect the surface of the skin; appendages connected to follicles

A

Sebaceous glands

38
Q

oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair

39
Q

also known as horny layer, outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of corneocytes

A

Stratum corneum

40
Q

also known as basal cell layer, active layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; cell mitosis takes place here to produce new epidermal skin cells (responsible for growth)

A

stratum germinativum

41
Q

also known as granular layer, layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules; replaces cells shed from the stratum

A

stratum granulosum

42
Q

clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on the palms of hands and soles of feet

A

stratum lucidum

43
Q

also known as the spiny layer, layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum (basal) layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins

A

stratum spinosum

44
Q

also known as hypodermis; subcutaneous adipose (fat) tissue located beneath the dermis; protective cushion; energy storage for the body

A

subcutaneous layer

45
Q

also known as adipose tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin

A

subcutis tissue

46
Q

also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals

A

sudoriferous glands

47
Q

identify molecules that have foreign peptides; help regulate immune response

48
Q

capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels; commonly called couperose skin

A

telangiectasia

49
Q

abbreviated TEWL; water loss caused by evaporation on the skin’s surface

A

transepidermal water loss

50
Q

the enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin

A

Tyrosinase

51
Q

also known as aging rays; longer wavelengths ranging between 320 and 400 nanometers that penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB; cause genetic damage and cell death; UVA contributes up to 95 percent of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation.

A

UVA Radiation

52
Q

also known as burning rays; UVB wavelengths range between 290 and 320 nanometers; UVB rays have shorter, burning wavelengths that are stronger and more damaging than UVA rays; UVB causes burning of the skin as well as tanning, skin aging, and cancer

A

UVB radiation

Ch. 3 (1 decks)

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