Chapter 3 Flashcards
is an occurrence, either human caused or by natural phenomena that requires action by emergency service personnel to prevent or minimize loss of life or damage to property and/or natural resources.
Incident command system (ICS)
The most common triage system in the U.S. for mass casualty incidents. It uses color-coded tag
START
A triage system that uses the categories immediate, delayed, minimal, and expectant.
ID-ME
A triage system that uses the steps move, assess, sort, and send.
MASS
A modification of the START system that takes into account the different respiratory rates of children.
Jump-START
A five-level triage system used in hospitals.
ESI
A triage system used in hospital emergency units.
CRAMS
A triage system that asks whether a patient is likely to survive given the available resources.
SALT
can be used in a variety of situations, including emergency departments, mass casualty incidents, and the battlefield.
Triage systems
is the process of sorting and prioritizing patients based on the severity of their condition.
Triage
Life-threatening injuries that require immediate intervention to survive
(e.g., severe bleeding, airway obstruction, shock).
Immediate(Red tag)
Serious but not immediately life-threatening injuries that can wait a few hours for treatment
(e.g., fractures, burns without airway compromise).
Delayed(yellow tag)
“Walking wounded” with minor injuries that do not require urgent care
(e.g., small cuts, sprains).
Minor( Green tag)
Patients who are unlikely to survive even with treatment due to the severity of their injuries
(e.g., massive head trauma, extensive burns).
Deceased(black tag)
Prioritization in Triage
Assess quickly
Focus on Survival
Utilize resources efficiently
Reassess regularly
Why is Prioritization Important in Triage?
Saves lives
Manages limited resources efficiently
Reduces overcrowding in hospitals
Ensures fair and ethical treatment
refers to a situation where the number of casualties (injured or dead people) exceeds the capacity of local medical and emergency services to effectively respond with their usual resources.
Mass Casualty Incident(MCI)
Key principles and stages of MCI
Triage
Incident command
Resource management
Evacuation and transportation
Recovery
Public communication
Role of Nurses in Triage and Immediate Care
• Perform patient assessment
• Reassess patients who are waiting
• Initiate emergency treatment if necessary
• Manage and communicate with patients in waiting room
• Provide education to patients and families when necessary
• Sort patients into priority groups according to guidelines
• Transport patients to appropriate treatment areas
• Communicate status of patients to doctors and nurses
Five functions of ICS emergency response
Command
Operations
Planning
Logistics
Finance and Administration
