Chapter 3 Flashcards
Macromolecules
What are organic macromolecules?
Large complex molecules that are essential for life, primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Name the four main types of organic macromolecules.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
True or False: All organic macromolecules are polymers.
False.
What are carbohydrates primarily used for in living organisms?
They serve as a primary source of energy and structural support.
Fill in the blank: The monomers of carbohydrates are called _______.
Monosaccharides.
What is the basic structure of a lipid?
Lipids are primarily composed of long hydrocarbon chains or rings.
Which type of lipid is primarily responsible for forming cell membranes?
Phospholipids.
True or False: Proteins are made up of amino acids.
True.
Name the bond that links amino acids together in a protein.
Peptide bond.
What is the role of nucleic acids in cells?
They store and transmit genetic information.
Fill in the blank: The monomers of nucleic acids are called _______.
Nucleotides.
Which macromolecule is primarily used for long-term energy storage?
Lipids.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a carbohydrate? A) Glucose B) Starch C) Cholesterol D) Cellulose
C) Cholesterol.
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA.
True or False: Enzymes are a type of protein that catalyze biochemical reactions.
True.
What is the primary function of RNA?
To act as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Fill in the blank: Saturated fats contain _______ double bonds in their fatty acid chains.
No.
What is a polymer?
A large molecule composed of repeating structural units (monomers).
Name the process by which monomers are joined to form polymers.
Polymerization.
Multiple choice: Which macromolecule can provide structural support in plants? A) Proteins B) Nucleic Acids C) Carbohydrates D) Lipids
C) Carbohydrates.
What is the function of cholesterol in the body?
It helps maintain cell membrane structure and is a precursor for steroid hormones.
True or False: All proteins have the same structure.
False.
What type of bond is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?
Hydrogen bonds.
Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its _______.
Function.
