Chapter 3 Flashcards
List the 4 general functions od the cell membrane
-structure (suppourt)
-Barrier from enviroment
-Regulartion of exchange and commmunicationg betwwen cells and emviroments)
-transfer information
in 1972 singer and nicolson proposed the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane. According to this model, the membrane is composed of a bilayer of _ and a cariaty of embedded_, with _ on the extracellular surface
phosphlipds
Proteins
Carbohidrates
What are the 2 primary types of bioloecules found in the cell membrane
Phospholipids and proteins
define and distiguish betwewn inclusions and organelles. Give an example of each
organelss have a specific jobs inclusions inclusions are insolubale materials that are needed for other functions
Define cytoskeleton. List 5 functions
Its the protein filaments that give structure to the cell(in the cytoplasm)
Match
in human cells, appears as single, long whippe like tail - flagellum
Short, jairlike structures that beaet to producce current in fluids- cillia
A bundle of microtubules that aid in motisis-
exocrine glands produce watery secretions(such as tears or sweat) called _ secreations or stickeier solutions called _ secretions
Exocrine glands
Serous secrenon mucous
Match
endoplasmic reticulum- network fo membranous tubules that synthesize biolmolecules
Golgi apparatus- modifies and pachagaes priteins into vesicles
Lysosomes- digestive systems of cells, degrading or recycling somponents
Mitochondrion- powerhouse of the cell where most ATP is produced
Peroxisomes- degrade long chains of fatty acids and forgein mopecules
What process activates the enzymes inside lysosomes
The process that activates enzymes inside lysosomes is acidification of the lysosomal lumen. The acidic environment, maintained by the proton pump (V-ATPase) within the lysosomal membrane, is crucial for the activation of the hydrolytic enzymes (also known as acid hydrolases) stored within the lysosome.
_ glands release hormones, which enter the blood and reguare the activiteies or organs or systems
endocrine
List 4 major tissues types. Give an example
epithilial- (protective) skin
Connective-tendonds/ligaments
Muscle- skeletal, smooth, caridac
Nerual-brain
The larges and heavcist organ in the body is the
skin
match
What type of glands can be found withing the skin. Name secrations
-sweat-sweat
-apocrine- waxy/ milky secretion
-sebatious- oil
The trem matric can be used in refrence to an organell or to tissues. Compare the meantings of the term in these 2 contexts
organell- inside the cell
Tissue- outside the cell
Lisst compare and contrast the 3 types of cell junctions and theur subtypes. Examples of where each type can be found and discribe function for that location
Communication- gap (uturus or muscles)
Ocludin- tight(gut)
Anchor- desmosome(skin)
Which would have more rough endo reticulum?
panciatic cells that manufacture PROTEINS hormone insulin
-define vesicle and examples
-
Explain why a strafied epithilium offers more protections than a simple
stratified = more layers
Map
Sketch
Arrange
Exaplin how inserting cholesterol into the phospholipd bioayer of the cell mambrane decresses membrane permeanility
cholesterol takes up space in the lapids part of the layer
compare and contrast the structure locations and functions of bone and cartilare
cartlage is not vascularized
Differentiate betwen the term in each set below
lumen and wall- lumen is the hollow inside the walls
Sytoplasm and cytosol- cytosol is only the fluid while cytosplasm is everything insde the cells
Myosin and keratin- myosin is motor protein and keratin is structure protain
Difference bwtween apatosis and necrosis
apatosis is programed cell death and does not affect other cells, necrosis is trauma based
