Chapter 3 Flashcards
Argument
Processes of reasoned inquiry and rational discourse seeking common ground
Rogerian Arguments
Having a full understanding of an opposing position
Claims of fact
Assert that something is true or not true
Claims of value
Argues something is good or bad
Right or wrong
Claims of Policy
Anytime you propose a change
Star Wars was amazing except for 1 flaw
The final assault on the Death Star went on for too long
Psychological Autopsy
When a kid kills themself and people go back and plow through their life
- one kid shot his parents and 2 school kids
- another strangled an 11 yr old
Felons aren’t allowed to vote
Democrats try to restore the right
Republicans try to resist it
Closed thesis
Previews the writers main points and limits them
Open thesis
Does not list the main points
Counter argument thesis
Summary of counter argument
Relevant evidence
Specifically applies to the argument being made
Accurate evidence
Get it from a credible source
Sufficient Evidence
A good amount
Logical Fallacies
Failure to make a logical connection between claim and evidence
Fallacy of Relevance:
Red Herring
Using evidence irrelevant to the claim
Fallacy of Relevance
Ad Hominem
Against the main, not the argument
Fallacy of Relevance:
Faulty analogy
Two things are not comparable
Fallacy of Accuracy
Straw Man
When the speaker chooses bad evidence to ridicule the opponent
Fallacy of Accuracy
False Dilemma
When the speaker presents two extremes as the only outcomes
Fallacy of Insufficiency
Hasty Generalization
Not enough evidence to support the claim
Fallacy of Insufficiency
Circular Reasoning
Repeating the claim as a way to provide ecidence
First Hand Evidence
Personal experience
Makes your argument more human
First Hand Evidence
Anecdotes
People you have observed or been told about
First hand evidence
Current events
Self explanatory
Second Hand Evidence
Historical Information
Verifiable facts from research
Second Hand Evidence
Expert Opinion
Citing someone who had published a subject
Second Hand Evidence
Quantitive Evidence
Information presented in numbers
Fallacy
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Always saying something is a cause cuz it happened before
Fallacy
Appeal to false authority
When someone who has no expertise is cited
Fallacy
Bandwagon (ad populum)
When evidence boils down to “everyone is doing it so it must be good”
Shaping info
Classical
Introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, conclusion
Shaping info
Induction
Lead into:
My family uses Subarus—they last a long time—Subarus are good
Deduction (syllogism)
Conclusion
Excercise=health
Yoga =excercise
Yoga=health
Toil in Model
Claim, evidence, assumption, backing, qualifier, reservation
