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Research Methods In Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Operational definition

A

A clear, precise, and measurable definition of a variable or concept used in research. Mostly used to define the abstract variables.

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2
Q

Validity

A

Accurately measures what it intends to measure.

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3
Q

Face validity

A

Subjective and least scientific

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4
Q

Concurrent validity

A

Comparison between new measurements and an established one

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5
Q

Predictive validity

A

Predict future behaviour

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6
Q

Construct validity

A

The contruct of the research. Extensive research and evidence

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7
Q

Convergent validity

A

Measuring the same participants with different tools and tests the looking if they strongly correlate

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8
Q

Divergent Validity

A

Measuring the same participants on both the target test and for unrelated constructs. If it’s low correlation then it’s divergent valid.

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9
Q

Reliability

A

Consistency or stability

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10
Q

Test-retest reliability

A

Comparing successful measurements

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11
Q

Parallel-forms reliability

A

Using different version of the measurement

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12
Q

Inter-rater reliability

A

Agreement of different observers. Mostly used in 80-90s.

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13
Q

Split-half reliability

A

Consistency between parts of a research

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14
Q

One-to-one relationship between the actual variable and the measurement

A

For measuring abstract variables there will not be one-to-one relationship.

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15
Q

Nominal scale

A

Represents qualitative
Looks at two scores are the same or not
Cannot measure the size or direction

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16
Q

Ordinal Scale

A

Direction of differences
No information about magnitude

17
Q

Interval Scale

A

Orginazed, all categories are the same size
Direction and magnitude
-Zero point does not indicate the absence
-Time in seconds,weight in pounds

18
Q

Radio Scale

A

Meaningful zero point
Direction,magnitude and ratio
Most information and supports sophisticated analysis

19
Q

Ceiling effect

A

When a measurement tool is too easy and it does not capture differences

20
Q

How can ceiling effect be a problem ?

A

It reduces the validity.
Distort the statistical analyses.
Limited usefulness for high performers.

21
Q

Floor effect

A

If a measurement tool is too difficult.

22
Q

Experimenter bias

A

When an experimenter’s predictions effect the research results

23
Q

Single-bling research

A

Type of experiment which participants doesn’t know which group they are assigned to but the experimenters are aware.

24
Q

Double-blind research

A

Type of experiment which both the participants and the experimenters doesn’t know which group they’re in

25
Q

Demand characteristics

A

Cues or signals that influences the participants behaviour because they lead them to guess the purpose or expected outcome of the study.

26
Q

Reactivity

A

Where participants’ behaviour changes because they know they are being observed or studied.

27
Q

Good subject role

A

These participants know about the hypothesis and produce responses to support it. Which is not a good thing because those who do not know about the hypothesis could produced different responses.

28
Q

Negativity subject role

A

These participants identified the hypothesis and are trying to act contrary to the hypothesis. They try to sabotage the study.

29
Q

Apprehensive subject role

A

These participants are overly concerned about their performance. So they respond in a socially acceptable way instead of truthfully.

30
Q

Faithful subject role

A

These participants follow the instructions and avoid acting to any suspicion they have about it. Two types
-one who wants to help science
-one who’s apathetic/nonchalant

31
Q

Laboratory

A

Any setting that is obviously devoted to the discipline of science

32
Q

Field

A

A place that the participant or subject perceives as a natural environment

Research Methods In Psychology (3 decks)

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