Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are glial cells?
They are cells found throughout the nervous system, providing various types of support for neurons.
What is a nerve cell?
They receive, integrate and transmit information.
What do glial cells do?
- Produce Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Form Blood-Brain barriers
3 Contribute to the immune system
What are the parts of a nerve cell?
They have barrier, a cell body (soma), dendrites, and axons.
What are the four processes of neurons?
Resting potential, Action Potential, Synaptic Transmission, Graded Potential
What is the synapse?
A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to another.
What are the stages of synaptic transmission?
Synthesis, transportation, storage, release, binding, and inactivation and/or reuptake.
How do nerve cells work together?
Neurons are linked in complex networks called cell assemblies, producing the change in synapses between the nerve cells.
What are neurotransmitters?
Molecules that are released from the presynaptic region to influence the firing rate of another.
What properties do neurotransmitters have?
- Synthesized in the neuron.
- Stored in the synaptic terminals.
- Released when action potential occurs.
- Deactivates when task is completed.
What are some common neurotransmitters?
Acetylocholine (ACh), Dopamine (DA), Norepinephrine (NE), Serotonin, GABA, and Endorphins.
How is the Peripheral Nervous System organized?
They are nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord, that are also bundles of neuron fibres.
They are divided into two subdivisions: the somatic, and the autonomic nervous system.
How is the Central Nervous System Organized?
Main components are the Brain and Spinal Cord.
How do we study/examine the nervous system?
Case studies, Lesioning and electrical stimulations, and Electroencephalographs (ECG).
What are the parts of the brain?
Hindbrain, Midbrain, and Forebrain.
What is the function of the Hindbrain?
Oversees blood circulation, breathing, maintaining muscle tone, and regulating reflexes.
What is the function of the Midbrain?
Integrates sensory processes, modulation of muscle reflexes, and pain receptors.
What is the function of the Forebrain?
The regulation of basic biological needs.
Lateralization: What are the parts of the brain?
The Occipital, Parietal, Temporal, and Frontal Lobe.
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Visual processing.
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Registers sense of touch.
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
Auditory processing.
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Handles complex mental activities: sensing, learning, thinking, and planning.
What is the purpose of the endocrine system?
To secrete hormones into the bloodstream that help control bodily functions.
What is involved with the endocrine system?
The endocrine glands, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary gland.
What is Behavioral Genetics?
The influence of genetic factors on behavioral traits.
How do genes work together to create living organisms?
Through genotypes, it defines one’s genetic appearance, while phenotype refers to the ways in which a person’s genotype is manifested in observable characteristics.
How do we study genetic heritability and influences?
Family Studies, Twin Studies, and Adoption Studies.
What is genetic mapping?
A tool to determine the location and chemic sequence of specific genes on specific chromosomes.
What influences behavior?
By traits that provide a survival advantage or reproductive advantage.
What are the principles of Darwin’s theory of evolution?
Variation is different, heritability are the traits that are inherited and passed down. Competition is producing more offsprings than resources and support, and that evolution is essentially driven by reproductive success.
