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molecular cell biology > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

macromolecules of the cell

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1
Q

macromolecule

A

large complex molecule that are formed by polymerization

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2
Q

what are some examples of macromolecules?

A

proteins, nucleic acids,lipids,carbohydrates

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3
Q

what are proteins?

A

a type of molecule that are made up of chains of amino acids

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4
Q

no 2 proteins…… (finish sentence)

A

have the same amino acid sequence

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5
Q

every amino acid has the same basic structure and..

A

unique side chain (R group)

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6
Q

what do the properties of amino acids rely on

A

the nature of their R group

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7
Q

9 amino acids have..

A

nonpolar hydrophobic R groups

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8
Q

11 amino acids have..

A

polar hydrophilic R groups

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9
Q

acidic amino acids are

A

negative

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10
Q

how are peptide bonds formed

A

through condensation when the amino group (-NH2) and carboxyl group (-COOH) react together

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10
Q

basic amino acids are

A

positive

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11
Q

a polypeptide doesn’t become a protein until

A

it has a unique shape and is biologically active

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12
Q

the process of elongating a chain of amino acids

A

protein synthesis

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13
Q

monomeric proteins

A

proteins that consist of a single polypeptide

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14
Q

multimeric

A

proteins that consist of 2 or more polypeptides.

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15
Q

dimers/trimers

A

proteins that consist of 3 polypeptides

15
Q

how do disulfide bonds form?

A

the removal of 2 hydrogen ions (oxidation) and can be broken by the addition of 2 hydrogens (reduction)

16
Q

primary structure of amino acid

A

refers to the sequence in which the polypeptide was sequenced

17
Q
A
17
Q

fibrous proteins

A

proteins characterized by their long strand-like structures; they have repetitive amino acid structures

17
Q

secondary structure of amino acid

A

local regions of structure that forms from hydrogen bonding of NH and CO along the polypeptide backbone

molecular cell biology (2 decks)

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