Chapter 3 Flashcards
Absolute Threshold?
Is something there?
Difference Threshold?
Is something different there?
Sensory Adaptation?
Getting duller with time
Signal Detection?
Picking up a signal
Vision?
Rods and Cones
Hearing?
Hair Cells
Taste?
Taste cells
Smell?
Odor receptors
Skin Senses?
Skin receptors
Kinesthetic Sense?
Receptors in joints, ligaments, and tendons
Vestibular Sense?
Receptors in the inner ear
Seeing Process?
Light energy ➔ Receptor cells in retina ➔ Neural impulses ➔ Sight
Hearing Process?
Sound vibrations ➔ Receptor cells in inner ear ➔ Neural impulses ➔ Sound
Smell & Taste Process?
Chemical substances ➔ Neural impulses by receptors ➔ Smell and taste
Skin Senses Process?
Tactile stimuli ➔ Skin receptors ➔ Neural impulses ➔ Touch, pressure, temperature, pain
Kinesthesis Process?
Body receptors in joints, ligaments, muscles ➔ Neural signals ➔ Sense of position and movement
Vestibular Process?
Gravitational forces ➔ Inner ear receptors ➔ Neural signals ➔ Sense of balance
Selective Attention?
Attending to important stimuli
Bottom-Up Processing?
Perceiving parts of patterns
Perceptual Set?
Expectations influence perceptions
Top-Down Processing?
Perceiving whole patterns
Gestalt Principles?
Organizing sensations into wholes or patterns
Depth Perception (Monocular Cues)?
Relative size, texture gradient, linear perspective
Perceptual Constancy?
Objects retain their properties despite changing conditions
Depth Perception (Binocular Cues)?
Retinal disparity and convergence
Motion Perception?
Path of the image across the retina, changing object size
Visual Illusions?
When the brain, not the eye, plays tricks (e.g., Müller-Lyer, Ponzo, moon illusion, apparent movement)
