Chapter 3

Question 1

Principles of Evolution

Answer 1

• Ancient Greeks came up with the theory of evolution.
• How Evolution worked: variation, inheritance, and selection

Question 2

Variation

Answer 2

living things have traits that vary within the species

Question 3

Inheritance

Answer 3

these traits are passed on genetically from generation to generation

Question 4

selection

Answer 4

traits that help with survival and reproduction are selected (passed from generation to generation)

Question 5

natural selection

Answer 5

traits that are adaptive become more common in a species; nature, rather than humans, “selects” the traits.

Question 6

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 6

DNA is organized in a cell’s nucleus, consisting of chromosomes made up of tightly coiled DNA strands. The building blocks are base pairs (A-T, C-G)

Question 7

What is the difference between single gene transmission and polygenic transmission?

Answer 7

single-gene: traits controlled by one gene ex: eye color and hair color
polygenic transmission: traits influenced by multiple genes Ex: skin color, weight, height

Question 9

Indirect effect of genes on behavior

Answer 9

occurs when a gene codes for a protein that influences a physiological system within the body, which then, in turn, affects an individual’s behavior; essentially, genes don’t directly control behavior but rather create conditions that make certain behaviors more likely through their impact on bodily functions and neural pathways