Chapter 3 Flashcards
What was the House of Burgesses?
A Representative Parliamentary assembly created to govern Virginia, establishing a precedent for government in the English Colonies
Virginia marked the first ______________ _____________ _____________ onto the continent of North America in 1607
Enduring English Foray
What were the Southern English Colonies advantages in the new world?
- Warm Weather
- Marketable Crops
With the Advantages of the Southern English Colonies also came this downfall:
They developed a good export economy, but made themselves dependent on the British Empire. Also facilitate a great need for unfree labor.
What were the Northern English Colonies advantages in the new world?
Had better root in religion and housed immigrant communities
How did the local Native Americans (that is the ones along the Eastern Seaboard) affect the growing English Colonies?
They provided trade, but also brought the disadvantage of war, disease, and dislocation.
Who is John Rolfe and what title is given to him according to his life’s business?
- He is the husband of Pocahontas
- He is titled: “Father of the Tobacco Industry.”
- Also known as the “Economic Savior of the Virginia colony.”
What is the Act of Toleration?
- Passed in Maryland
- Guaranteed TOLERATION to all CHRISTIANS but decreed the DEATH PENALTY for those, like Jews and Atheists, who DENIED the DVINITY of Christ
- Ensured that MARYLAND would continue to ATTRACT a HIGH proportion of CATHOLIC migrants throughout the colonial period
What was the Barbados Slave Code?
- The 1st Formal Statue governing the treatment of slaves
- Provided harsh punishments against offending slaves
- Little penalty for the mistreatment of slaves by masters
- These ideals were soon adopted by Southern Colonies throughout the 17th and 18th centuries
What was the English Civil War?
- Armed conflict between royalists and parliamentarians
- Results
- in the victory of pro-parliament forces
- Execution of Charles I
Who are “Squatters”?
- Frontier FARMERAS that ILLEGALLY occupied land that was either OWNED by others or not yet declared settlement land.
- Many of North Carolina’s early settlers were squatters. (Gave the colony a reputation of being more independent-minded than it’s neighbors)
What was the Tuscarora War?
- Began with Indian Attack on New Bern, North Carolina
- After the Tuscaroras were defeated, remaining Indian survivors migrated northward joining the Iroquois Confederacy as it’s 6th Nation
Who were the Yamasee Indians?
- Indians defeated by South Carolina in the war of 1715-16
- Their defeat devastated that last of the costal Indian Tribes in the southern colonies
Buffer
- Political Term
- a territory between 2 agnostic powers
- intended to minimize the possibility of conflict
- GEORGIA was a buffer colony between British and Spanish Powers
Calvinism
- A Dominant theological credo of the New England Puritans
- Based on the teachings of John Calvin
- Believed in Predestination!!
What is Predestination? (According to Calvinism)
- God has already decided who will be saved and who will be damned
- Those who believe themselves to be saved (destined for eternal bliss) must lead sanctified lives
What is Conversion?
(in relation to Calvinism and Predestination)
Intense religious experience that confirmed an individual’s place among the “elect”
Calvinists that experienced this were obligated to lead sanctified lives
Puritans
English Protestant reformers who sought to purify the Church of England or Catholic rituals and creeds. Some of the most devout Puritans believed that only “visible saints” should be admitted to church membership
(“Visible Saints” as is the people who were destined for salvation and have experienced conversion)
What was the May-Flower Compact?
An agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower.
Created a foundation of self-government in the New Colony
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Founded: 1630
Established by non-separating Puritans, it soon grew to be the largest and most influential of the New England colonies
Great English Migration
The migration of 70,000 refugees from England to the New World colonies.
20,000 of which went to Massachusetts with the same idea of establishing a Chirstian model settlement in the New World
Antinomianism
Belief that the elect need not obey the law of either God or man
most notably espoused in the colonies by Anne Hutchison
Fundamental Orders
Drafted by settlers in the Connecticut River valley
This document was the first modern constitution establishing a democratically controlled government
Key features borrowed from Connecticut’s colonial charter
Now part of the State Constitution
Pequot War
A series of clashes between English settlers and Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River valley
Ended in the slaughter of the Pequot by the Puritans and their allies
King Phillip’s War
A series of assaults by Metacom, King Phil, on English settlements in New England.
Attacks slowed Westward migration!! For several decades!
New England Confederation
Weak union of the colonies in Massachusetts and Connecticut led by Puritans for purposes of defense and organization
Early attempt at self-government during the benign neglect of the English Civil War
Navigation Laws
Series of laws passed beginning in 1651 to regulate the colonial shipping
Only English ships would be allowed to trade in English and Colonial ports
All goods destined for the colonies would pass through England
Dominion of New England
The crown enforces an administrative union for New England
Declares all of New England, New York, and East/West Jersey are UNDER the rule of Sir Edmund Andros
Andros curbed popular assemblies, taxed without consent, and strictly enforced Navigation Laws
Collapsed after the Glorious Revolution in England (rise of colonial opposition to the crown!)
Glorious Revolution (in England)
Overthrow of Catholic King James II of England by English Protestants
Salutary Neglect (colonial period)
Relaxed royal control over colonial trade and weak enforcement of the Navigation Laws
Lasted from the Glorious Revolution to the end of the French and Indian war
Quakers
Religious group known for their tolerance
Emphasis on peace and idealistic Indian policy
Settled heavily in Pennsylvania in the 17th and 18th centuries
Blue Laws
AKA sumptuary laws
Designed to restrict personal behaviors within a strict code of morality
Passed across the colonies especially in Puritan New England and Quaker Pennsylvania
A rush of the growth of this crop swept over Virginia
Tobacco
This “bewitching weed” was responsible for putting the Virginia colony on firm economic foundations.
Tobacco
What happened to the soil of Virginia when tobacco was grown in great abundance and greedily without rest?
It was ruined!
Virginia was now prospering because of this plant but was also at it’s mercy because of fluctuation
Tobacco!
Tobacco promoted what slave-based form of agriculture?
Broad-acre plantations
In 1619, what event happened that forever changed the lives of then and future generations of African-Americans?
Am Dutch warship appeared off Jamestown and sold about 20 Africans to the New World
What did King James I distrust calling it the “seminary of sedition”, eventually revoking the charter with the Virginia Company
The House of Burgesses
King James I revoked the Charter from this company and made the Virginia colony completely under royal control
the Virginia Company
What was the second plantation colony?
Maryland
Maryland was the _______ English colony
4th
Lord Baltimore (of a prominent English Catholic family) founded ___________ in 1634
Maryland
Why did Lord Baltimore start the Maryland colony? (2 reasons)
1) Financial Profits
2) Refuge for his fellow Catholics
Maryland relied heavily on ______________ and ___________-___________ for it’s economy
Tobacco and slave-labor
Maryland made great use of ________________ servants which were ____________________________.
Indentured servants; they were penniless people who bound themselves to work for years to pay off debt
This England colony heavily supported the Act of Toleration
Maryland
Due to relaxed Spanish grip on the West Indian Islands this country claimed much of it included prized Jamaica
England
What crop formed the foundation of the West Indian economy?
Sugar
What was considered the “poor man’s crop” because of its cheap processing and quick growing manner?
Tobacco
What was considered the “rich man’s crop” because of its expensive arduous processing and extensive growing and land clearing requirements?
Sugar
What ___________ was to the Chesapeake, _____________ _________ was to the Caribbean
Tobacco; sugar cane
African slaves outnumbered the white settlers in the West Indies in a __________ to _________ one ratio
four to one
the outnumbered whites of the West Indies impose this code to prevent African slave uprising
The Barbados Slave Code
West Indies relied on the North American colonies for ________________ and other ___________ ___________
Foodstuffs; basic supplies
How did the English Civil War end?
When Charles II, the son of the decapitated king, was restored to the throne in 1660
The new Carolina settlers brought what idea with them?
the West Indies slave-system
After experimentation, what was the new principle export of Carolina? (HINT: This became an exotic food in England)
Rice
Where was rice primarily grown in during colonial times?
Africa
This ethnic group of slaves were in demand in Carolina colony for rice growing
West Africans
Hating the new Protestants, and aided by Indians, the Spanish attempted to push out the ____________ in Carolina in a series of Anglo-Spanish wars. But these people could not be wiped out.
the English
This English colony was referred to as “a vale of humility between 2 mountains of conceit”, because of their hospitibleness and resistance to authority (Between South Carolina and Virginia)
North Carolina
_________________ was the last of the 13 mainland colonies to be planted
Georgia
Georgia was to be a ____________ for the English crown and protect the Carolinas from the Spanish in Florida and the French in Louisiana.
Buffer
Named in honor of King George II of England, this colony was launched by philanthropists
Georgia
Well-known founder of Georgia, interested in prison reform, and heavily mortgaged his personal fortune to save the “Charity Colony”
James Oglethorpe
Well-known founder of Georgia, interested in prison reform, and heavily mortgaged his personal fortune to save the “Charity Colony”
James Oglethorpe
All Christian worshippers were granted toleration in Georgia except for this religion:
Catholic
Who is the Founder of the Methodist Church?
John Wesley
Why was the Georgia colony so slowly growing? (3 reasons)
1) unhealthy climate
2) restrictions on Black Slavery
3) Spanish attacks
How were the Southern mainland colonies, namely, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, SIMILAR?
They were all in some form or fashion devoted to exporting commercial agricultural products
Slavery was found in all the ____________colonies by 1750
plantation
All the plantation colonies permitted some religious toleration, but the ____________ ____ ____________ became the dominant faith (but weakest in North Carolina)
Church of England
“_____________ ______________” drove settlers westward and rivers invited this and confrontation with Native Americans
“Soil Butchery”
_____________ ____________ ignited a fire of religious reform (AKA the Protestant Reformation)
Martin Luther
In the “Institutions of the Christian Religion”, ____________ _____________ spelled out his basic doctrine
John Calvin
John Calvin believed God was ____-__________ and humans were __________ because of sin.
All-powerful; corrupt
King Henry VIII breaks ties with the ___________ _____________ _____________ in the 1530s making himself head of the Church of England
Roman Catholic Church
The most famous congregation of Separatists, fleeing royal wrath, departed for ____________ in 1608
Holland
The group of Separatists in Holland, negotiating with the ____________ ____________, secured rights to settle under its jurisdiction. And get away on the _______________ ship
Virginia Company; Mayflower
The Pilgrims did not make their initial landing at ______________ __________
Plymouth Rock
Plymouth Rock was actually outside the domain of the ____________ ____________ so the settlers became ____________ in the New World
Virginia Company; Squatters
Before disembarking the Mayflower, what do the Pilgrims do?
Draw up and sign the Mayflower Compact
In the Pilgrims first ___________ from 1620-21, took a grisly toll leaving only 44 pilgrims out of the original 102 people.
Winter
The First thanksgiving and the ___________ __ _______, brought bountiful harvests
Autumn of 1621
The pilgrims find economic status in what three things?
Fish, Fur, and Lumber
This man was a leader of the Plymouth colony and was re-elected governor 30 times
William Bradford
Because Plymouth colony was small in economic stature and size, they merged with this colony in 1691
The Massachusetts Bay Colony
Who was John Winthrop?
The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
A Well-to-do pillar of English society
Successful attorney and manor-lord in England
Served as Governor or Deputy Governor for 19 years
Who were considered “free-men” in the colonial times?
The adult males who belonged to the Puritan congregation
(or now known as the Congregational Church)
Winthrop strongly disagreed with this governmental system
Democracy
According to the Massachusetts Bay Colony and John Winthrop, the purpose of the government was to enforce _________ _________, which applied to _____________ & ____-___________ alike
God’s Law; believers & non-believers
John Cotton denfended the __________________ duty to enforce religious rules.
Government’s
In the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the preacher’s ____________ was not absolute. The congregation has the right to _______ or _______ its minister and set his salary
Power; hire or fire
The _____________ ____________ ______________ endorsed the idea of the separation of church and state
Massachusetts Bay Colonists
Who was Rodger Williams?
Extreme Separatist
Challenged the legality of the Bay Colony’s Charter (bcuz taking land form Indians = BAD!)
Denied the authority of civil government
Banished from the Bay Colony
