Chapter 3 Flashcards
What food is a good source of carbohydrates?
Steak
Polysaccharides include
Starch, glycogen, and fiber
What is the chief energy source of the body?
Glucose
What is the primary form of stored glucose in animals
glycogen
What polysaccharide helps form the cell walls of plants
cellulose
What food label denotes sugar?
Corn Syrup
what are the two types of alternative sweeteners
sugar alcohols and nonnutritive sweeteners
A diet rich in in carbohydrates (whole grains, vegetables, fruit, and legumes is low in what
Fat
What is the DRI recommendation for fiber?
14 grams per 1000 kcalories
What is acceptable daily intake (ADI)?
the amount of a nonnutritive sweetener that individuals can safely consume each day over the course of a lifetime without adverse effect. It includes a 100-fold safety factor.
What are carbohydrate
compounds composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen arranged as monosaccharides or multiples of monosaccharides
what are disaccharides
pairs of sugar units bonded together
define fructose
a monosaccharide: sometimes known as fruit sugar
define galactose
a monosaccharide: part of the disaccharide lactose
what is a glucagon?
a hormone that is secreted by special cells in pancreas in response to low blood glucose concentration and that elicits release of glucose from storage
what is glucose?
a monosacharide; the sugar common to all disaccharides and polysaccharides; also called blood sugar or dextrose
what is a monosaccharides?
single sugar units
what are polysaccharides?
long chains of monosaccharide units arranged as starch, glycogen, or fiber
define sucrose
a disaccharide composed of glucose and digestible by human beings
what is a whole grain?
rains or foods made from them that contain all the essential parts and naturally occurring nutrients of the entire grain seed (except the inedible husk
