Chapter 3 Flashcards
Bioenergetics
define bioenergetics
the biological system of making energy
what is ATP?
a molecule with adenosine and 3 phosphates
what do muscles use ATP for?
cross bridge cycle
breaking a high energy bond results in
ADP, energy, hydrogen ion
true or false: at any given length of performance, one energy system is primarily producing ATP
TRUE
all are always working, but one is the primary source
90-100% max power
less than 10 seconds of work
lots of rest between sets (1:12 to 1:20 work to rest ratio)
phosphate system (PCr)
what happens when you eat a donut?
donut breaks down into glucose
glucose enters the blood stream
blood sugar can be…
stored as fat
stored as glycogen
used for energy
when blood sugar is stored as glycogen, where is it stored?
muscle and liver
when glycolysis is produced in the present of oxygen, what is the end product?
pyruvate
when glycolysis is produced in the absence of oxygen, what is the end product?
lactate
where does the process of glycolysis take place?
OUTSIDE the mitochondria
what process results in ATP?
anaerobic glycolysis
turning glucose to lactate
where does anaerobic glycolysis occur?
in the cytoplasm
what is the end product of the cori cycle?
glucose
during the cori cycle, glucose is produced from what?
lactate
lactate is oxidized by…
type 1 muscle fibers
the heart
when _________________ fibers are primarily working, lactate is produced
type 2x and 2a
define the lactate threshold
when anaerobic energy production becomes the primary energy source
the lactate threshold of untrained individuals occurs at _____ % of max oxygen uptake.
the lactate threshold of trained individuals occurs at ______ % max oxygen uptake.
50-60%
70-80%
when looking at a graph, how can the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) be identified?
2nd inflection point when lactate concentration reaches 4mmol
what occurs during the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA)?
intermediate and large motor units are recruited
catecholamines are released into blood glucose
training near lactate threshold (LT) or OBLA allows you to work at higher intensity with less fatigue
what happens when catecholamines are released during OBLA?
the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine mobilize fuel sources to increase blood lactate
what is the lactate threshold (LT)?
the switch to using anaerobic energy (fast glycolysis) production as the main fuel source.
what threshold correlates with the lactate threshold?
ventilatory threshold
oxygen uptake is directly proportional to
heart rate reserve
where does the kreb’s cycle occur?
in the mitochondria (it requires oxygen)
what is the product of aerobic glycolysis?
pyruvate
how much ATP does oxidative phosphorylation produce?
34 ATP
draw the cycle of cellular respiration
no, seriously, draw it
what is the result of beta oxidation?
2-carbon acetyl CoA molecules
what happens after the triglyceride is broken down into acetyl-CoA?
the acetyl-CoA enters the krebs cycle
what energy system is used?
a swimmer performing 25m freestyle intervals: 12-15 seconds with 2.3-3min rest
phosphagen
what is the fuel source used?
a swimmer performing 25m freestyle intervals: 12-15 seconds with 2.3-3min rest
PCr and up to ~90% carbohydrates
what every system will you use to run a marathon?
oxidative (phosphorylation)
what energy system is used during interval training?
a soccer player performing 6 x2min walk/2min run intervals near VO2max
primarily fast (anaerobic) glycolysis and oxidative
what fuel source will you use to run a marathon?
50% fat, 50% carbohydrates
what fuel source is used for energy production during rest?
~70% fats, ~30% carbs
what energy system is used at rest?
aerobic glycolysis
krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
