CHAPTER 3 Flashcards
stated that the planets, as well as the sun
and the moon, moved in a
circular motion around the
earth.
Claudius Ptolemy
He believed that the earth was
at the center. A concept known
as __________
Geocentrism.
In the 16th century, ___________, a Polish
mathematician and astronomer,
challenged the Ptolemaic model.
Nicolas Copernicus
He introduce a new concept
known as ______________, which
suggested that the center of the
Solar System was not the Earth
but actually the sun.
Heliocentrism
Considered to be one of the
most controversial intellectual
revolution of its time.
Darwinian Revolution
In 1859, Charles Darwin, an
English naturalist, biologist, and
geologist, published his book, _______________
On The Origin of species.
He introduced the ________________, which posited that populations pass through a
process of natural selection
which only the fittest would
survive.
Theory of Evolution
In the past, field of psychology
was classified under philosophy.
Psychology was considered more
art rather than a science.
Freudian Revolution
In the late 19th century,
______________was able to
change people’s perception of
psychology with his
revolutionary theory of
Psychoanalysis.
Sigmund Freud
is the study that
explains human behavior. In his
theory, Freud explained that
there are many conscious and
unconscious factors that can
influence behaviors and
emotions.
Psychoanalysis
He also argued that personality
is product of conflicting
elements:
Id, Ego, Superego.
operates on the pleasure principle
(Freud, 1920) which is the idea that
every wishful impulse should be
satisfied immediately, regardless of
the consequences.
id
develops to mediate between the
unrealistic id and the external real
world. It is the decision-making
component of personality.
ego
It function is to control the id’s
impulses, especially those which society
forbids, such as sex and aggression. It
also has the function of persuading the
ego to turn to moralistic goals rather
than simply realistic ones and to strive
for perfection.
supergo
Superego incorporates the values and
morals of society which are learned
from one’s parents and others. It
develops around the age of
3 – 5 years
during the phallic stage of psychosexual
development.
