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Chem/Phys EXAM 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

An object at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line will continue in that state until a net external force acts upon it

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2
Q

What is Newton second law?

A

Force=mass x acceleration

A quantitative extension of the first law

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3
Q

You have to ___________ to get a bigger object to start moving

A

Push harder

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4
Q

What is Newton third law?

A

For every action, there is an equal & opposite reaction

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5
Q

Mass can be defined as the

A

Amount of matter in an object

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6
Q

What doesn’t have mass?

A

Light

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7
Q

Mass can also be defined as

A

The resistance of an object to acceleration

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8
Q

In order for mass to move, what is the equation?

A

Mass (kg) =F (force in Newton)/ a (acceleration)

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9
Q

Acceleration has units of

A

Meters per second square (m/s2)

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10
Q

What is average velocity?

A

The displacement divided by the time it takes to make that trip

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11
Q

Average velocity equation

A

average velocity= displacement/time

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12
Q

What is displacement?

A

The net change in the position of an object

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13
Q

Time in the average velocity equation is

A

The time interval over which the change takes place

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14
Q

Speed is NOT

A

A vector value

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15
Q

Speed IS a

A

Scalar value

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16
Q

Speed does not specify

A

Any particular direction of motion

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17
Q

What is the equation for average speed?

A

Average Speed=distance/time

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18
Q

Speed involves

A

Distance

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19
Q

Velocity involves

A

Displacement

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20
Q

Distance is the

A

Total length of travel & will ALWAYS be a positive number

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21
Q

Displacement is the net

A

Change in position with respect to some specified beginning point or origin in a coordinate system

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22
Q

Displacement can be

A

Positive

Negative

Zero

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23
Q

Displacement has

A

Directionality

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24
Q

Scalar quantities have

A

Magnitude ONLY

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25
Q

What are examples of Scalar quantities?

A

Distance

Height/Length

Mass

Age

Speed

Pressure

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26
Q

What needs to be specified with scalar quantities?

A

Units

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27
Q

Vector quantities have

A

Magnitude AND Direction

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28
Q

What needs to be specified with vectors?

A

Units & Direction

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29
Q

What are examples of vectors?

A

Velocity

Weight

Force applied to a syringe

Acceleration

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30
Q

What needs to be taken into account when adding vectors?

A

Both the magnitude & direction

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31
Q

What is it called when 2 or more vectors are added together?

A

Resultant

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32
Q

Vectors are represented graphically by

A

Arrows of a given length, pointing in a specific direction

Length=Magnitude/Size

Direction of arrow=the direction of the vector

33
Q

The end of the vector arrow with the tip is called the

A

Head

(other end is called the tail)

34
Q

With a vector problem moving in opposite directions, how would you calculate the resultant vector?

A

Subtract

35
Q

What is Pythagorean Theorem?

A

A squared + B squared= C squared

36
Q

You will feel force anytime you experience

A

Acceleration

36
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

Average acceleration= change in velocity/change in time

37
Q

Acceleration is a vector & describes

A

How velocity changes with time

38
Q

Velocity has units of

A

m/s (per second)

39
Q

You can have acceleration by changing

A

Speed, direction or both

40
Q

What are the 4 forces listed from strongest to weakest?

A

Strong Nuclear Force

Electromagnetic Force

Weak Nuclear Force

Gravitational Force

41
Q

What is force?

A

A push or a pull

42
Q

Newton’s second law explains the relationship between

A

Force & Mass

43
Q

What is gravity?

A

Universal attraction between all objects with mass

44
Q

What is the calculation of defining the pull between 2 objects?

A

F= G x m1m2/r2

45
Q

What is g?

A

g=9.8 x m/s2

46
Q

What is weight?

A

The gravitational force exerted on an object by a much larger object

47
Q

Equation for weight?

A

W=mg

W-newtons

m-kilograms

g-m/s2

48
Q

Weight is always directed

A

Downward

49
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of matter contained in an object

50
Q

One Newton of force results from

A

Accelerating a mass of 1kg by 1m/s2

51
Q

An object having a mass of 1kg would have a weight of

A

9.8 N

52
Q

1 lb= ? N

A

4.45 N

53
Q

Weight depends on

A

Gravity

54
Q

What is the definition of pressure?

A

Force per unit area

55
Q

What is the formula for pressure?

A

Pressure =Force/area

56
Q

How can pressure be increased?

A

Increasing the applied force or decreasing the area

57
Q

In the British system, pressure is

A

Pounds/ square inch (psi)

58
Q

What is a torr?

A

Amount of pressure necessary to support a column of mercury 1mm in height

59
Q

What is 1 atm of pressure?

A

The pressure necessary to support a column of mercury 760mm in height

60
Q

1 bar of pressure is equal to

A

100kPA

61
Q

1atm = ? torr

A

760 torr

62
Q

air pressure results from

A

Gravity pulling on the atmosphere & the resulting force is spread over Earth’s surface

63
Q

What is a common way pressure is measured?

A

Barometer

64
Q

What is the equation for atmospheric pressure?

A

P atmosphere=pgh

P atmosphere-Pa

p=density of fluid

g=acceleration due to gravity

65
Q

Weight is a

A

Force

66
Q

What is a manometer?

A

U shaped tube, filled with a fluid of known density

67
Q

When do manometers become inconveniet?

A

Measuring pressures greater than 1atm

Better for less dense liquids

68
Q

What is an Aneroid Bellow Gauge?

A

They do NOT require the presence of a liquid such as mercury to operate

69
Q

What do Aneroid Bellow Gauge rely on?

A

Expansion or contraction of bellows

70
Q

When are Bourdon gauges used?

A

On gas cylinders & are a type of aneroid gauge

71
Q

How do Bourdon gauges work?

A

By a coiled tube & measures the pressure difference between the pressure exerted by the gas in a cylinder & the atmospheric pressure

72
Q

Barometers measure

A

The actual pressure or the absolute pressure

73
Q

Manometers & Bourdon gauges measure

A

Gauge pressure

Reading are affected by atmospheric pressure

74
Q

Gauge pressure is the pressure

A

Of a system above or below atmospheric pressure

75
Q

The total pressure includes the

A

Atmospheric pressure PLUS the gauge pressure

76
Q

What is oscillometry?

A

A. method that relies on the measurement of blood pressure oscillations

77
Q

What can measure the rapid variations in pressure?

A

Piezoelectrica Transducer

Electrical signal that is proportional to the pressure change

78
Q

100g is equal to ___N

A

1 N

Chem/Phys EXAM 1 (3 decks)

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