Chapter 3 Flashcards by Shay Edgeston

What is Newton’s first law?

An object at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line will continue in that state until a net external force acts upon it

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What is Newton second law?

Force=mass x acceleration

A quantitative extension of the first law

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You have to ___________ to get a bigger object to start moving

Push harder

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What is Newton third law?

For every action, there is an equal & opposite reaction

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Mass can be defined as the

Amount of matter in an object

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What doesn’t have mass?

Light

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Mass can also be defined as

The resistance of an object to acceleration

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In order for mass to move, what is the equation?

Mass (kg) =F (force in Newton)/ a (acceleration)

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Acceleration has units of

Meters per second square (m/s2)

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What is average velocity?

The displacement divided by the time it takes to make that trip

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Average velocity equation

average velocity= displacement/time

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What is displacement?

The net change in the position of an object

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Time in the average velocity equation is

The time interval over which the change takes place

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Speed is NOT

A vector value

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Speed IS a

Scalar value

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Speed does not specify

Any particular direction of motion

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What is the equation for average speed?

Average Speed=distance/time

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Speed involves

Distance

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Velocity involves

Displacement

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Distance is the

Total length of travel & will ALWAYS be a positive number

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Displacement is the net

Change in position with respect to some specified beginning point or origin in a coordinate system

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Displacement can be

Positive

Negative

Zero

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Displacement has

Directionality

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Scalar quantities have

Magnitude ONLY

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What are examples of Scalar quantities?

Distance Height/Length Mass Age Speed Pressure

What needs to be specified with scalar quantities?

Units

Vector quantities have

Magnitude AND Direction

What needs to be specified with vectors?

Units & Direction

What are examples of vectors?

Velocity Weight Force applied to a syringe Acceleration

What needs to be taken into account when adding vectors?

Both the magnitude & direction

What is it called when 2 or more vectors are added together?

Resultant

Vectors are represented graphically by

Arrows of a given length, pointing in a specific direction Length=Magnitude/Size Direction of arrow=the direction of the vector

The end of the vector arrow with the tip is called the

Head (other end is called the tail)

With a vector problem moving in opposite directions, how would you calculate the resultant vector?

Subtract

What is Pythagorean Theorem?

A squared + B squared= C squared

You will feel force anytime you experience

Acceleration

What is the equation for acceleration?

Average acceleration= change in velocity/change in time

Acceleration is a vector & describes

How velocity changes with time

Velocity has units of

m/s (per second)

You can have acceleration by changing

Speed, direction or both

What are the 4 forces listed from strongest to weakest?

Strong Nuclear Force Electromagnetic Force Weak Nuclear Force Gravitational Force

What is force?

A push or a pull

Newton's second law explains the relationship between

Force & Mass

What is gravity?

Universal attraction between all objects with mass

What is the calculation of defining the pull between 2 objects?

F= G x m1m2/r2

What is g?

g=9.8 x m/s2

What is weight?

The gravitational force exerted on an object by a much larger object

Equation for weight?

W=mg W-newtons m-kilograms g-m/s2

Weight is always directed

Downward

What is mass?

The amount of matter contained in an object

One Newton of force results from

Accelerating a mass of 1kg by 1m/s2

An object having a mass of 1kg would have a weight of

9.8 N

1 lb= ? N

4.45 N

Weight depends on

Gravity

What is the definition of pressure?

Force per unit area

What is the formula for pressure?

Pressure =Force/area

How can pressure be increased?

Increasing the applied force or decreasing the area

In the British system, pressure is

Pounds/ square inch (psi)

What is a torr?

Amount of pressure necessary to support a column of mercury 1mm in height

What is 1 atm of pressure?

The pressure necessary to support a column of mercury 760mm in height

1 bar of pressure is equal to

100kPA

1atm = ? torr

760 torr

air pressure results from

Gravity pulling on the atmosphere & the resulting force is spread over Earth's surface

What is a common way pressure is measured?

Barometer

What is the equation for atmospheric pressure?

P atmosphere=pgh P atmosphere-Pa p=density of fluid g=acceleration due to gravity

Weight is a

Force

What is a manometer?

U shaped tube, filled with a fluid of known density

When do manometers become inconveniet?

Measuring pressures greater than 1atm Better for less dense liquids

What is an Aneroid Bellow Gauge?

They do NOT require the presence of a liquid such as mercury to operate

What do Aneroid Bellow Gauge rely on?

Expansion or contraction of bellows

When are Bourdon gauges used?

On gas cylinders & are a type of aneroid gauge

How do Bourdon gauges work?

By a coiled tube & measures the pressure difference between the pressure exerted by the gas in a cylinder & the atmospheric pressure

Barometers measure

The actual pressure or the absolute pressure

Manometers & Bourdon gauges measure

Gauge pressure Reading are affected by atmospheric pressure

Gauge pressure is the pressure

Of a system above or below atmospheric pressure

The total pressure includes the

Atmospheric pressure PLUS the gauge pressure

What is oscillometry?

A. method that relies on the measurement of blood pressure oscillations

What can measure the rapid variations in pressure?

Piezoelectrica Transducer Electrical signal that is proportional to the pressure change

100g is equal to ___N

1 N