chapter 3 Flashcards
Slavery in North America…
grew across the colonies but especially in Virginia and South Carolina
The capture and export of slaves in Africa
was largely the work of African empires and kingdoms
The Carolina colony was originally founded to:
to build a semi-aristocratic colony with slaves and serfs
Rhode Island was founded by
Puritans who believed in a stronger separation between church and state
How did William Penn’s religious beliefs influence his vision for his colony?
Penn believed in equality as part of his Quaker beliefs.
In response to the Glorious Revolution in England, English colonists in North America
supported William and Mary and overthrew the Dominion of New England
King Philip’s War
led to the end of American Indian power in New England
Bacon’s Rebellion exposed
political and social tensions in Virginia between colonists and legislators
AFRICAN SLAVERY, 15TH – 16TH CENTURIES
Slaves taken in war, jihad, and raiding enemy kingdoms
Slavery’s purpose varied- domestic service - labor to export - human sacrifice.
West African states like the Ashanti (modern-day Ghana) and Dahomey grew in power in 18th century embracing European goods (firearms and textiles, gaining power & slavery)
Growth of Slavery in Caribbean and North America
Vast majority of slaves go to Caribbean
Founding of Rhode Island and Maryland
Rhode Island, founded by Roger Williams and Providence by Anne Hutchinson, both kicked out of Massachusetts
Established religious freedom in the colony
Lord Baltimore was Catholic and wanted place Catholics could live
Maryland founded 1634 but emigrants from Virginia colony take over
high mortality of men and children
By end of 17th century, Maryland is a royal colony
Pennsylvania and William Penn
William Penn, a Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1681, a colony for religious freedom and to create high access to land
Land was given to Penn to pay off King’s debt to Penn’s father
Penn purchased land from American Indian groups, sometimes more than one
Very Successful at attracting wide variety of settlers, including Quakers, German protestants, and others who wanted land
Land = freedom
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Charles I (1629) was sympathetic to Catholicism and ignored power of parliament, direct levying taxes
Merging of political and sectarian tensions, problems for a decade
War from 1642-1649, Charles I executed, and country becomes a republic
Half of colonies declare loyalty to Charles II and The Commonwealth tightens the reins
Navigation Acts (1651) requiring British colonies to ship on British ships and move products through England first before export elsewhere
KING PHILIP’S WAR, 1675-1676
Expansion of colonies in New England put significant pressure on American Indians there
War sparked by colonial trial that executes three Wampanoag for the murder of a Wampanoag Christian, John Sassamon
Wampanoag retaliation kills 9 in Swansea, small village, and returns days later to destroy the village
Combined colonial army from Plymouth, Massachusetts, and Connecticut
Naragansett join on the side of the Wampanoag
BACON’S REBELLION
Susquehannock War 1676: war that broke out by accident between colonists and American Indians that led to escalating raids on border
Some colonists flee borderlands, but Governor Berkeley refuses to send military in
Governor builds forts, giving contracts to his friends, who protect their own lands
Bacon(angry) becomes a representative in the House of Burgesses and is given a military commission
Virginia Governor Berkeley in 1673 described the colonists as: “six parts of Seven at least are Poore, Indebted, Discontented and Armed.”
Bacon burns Jamestown
Rebellion expands, recruiting many indentured servants and slaves promised freedom, who fight on both sides of the colonists
Wife of one leader even calls for independence from Great Britain
