Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is Differentation?
The process by which an organisation allocates people and resources to organisational tasks and establishes the task and authority relationships that allow the organization to achieve its goals. In short, it is the process of establishing and controllikng the division of laobour or the degree of specialization in the organisation.
What is organisational role?
The set task related behaviour required of a person by his or her position in an organisation.
What is task-related behaviour defining?
Relationship of one role to another
Explain control
Ability to coordinate and motivate people to work in the organisation’s interest
What are funtions?
A subunit composed of a group of people working together who possess similar skills or use the same kind of konweledge, tools or techniques to perform their jobs. SPECILASITAION ON INPUT
What are divisons?
A subunit that consists of a collection of functions or departments that share responsibility for producing a particular good or service. SPECIALIZATION ON OUTPUT
Support function
Facilitate organisations control of its relations with its environment and its stakeholders.
1.Purchasing
2.Sales
3.Marketing
4.Public relations
5.Legal affairs
Production function
Manage and improve the efficiency of an organisations conversion process so more value is created.
1.Production operations
2.Production control
3.Quality control
Maintenance function
Enable an organisation to keep its departments in operation.
1.Personnel
2.Engineering
3.Janitorial services
Adaptive function
Allow an organisation to adjust to changes in the environment.
1.Research and development
2.Market research
3.Long-range planning
Managerial function
Facilitate the control and coordination of activities within and among departments.
Describe hierarchy
It is a classification of people according to their relative authority and rank. The organisation chart vertically differentiates organisational rols in terms of how much authority each role has.
Describe horizontal differentation
Refers to the way an organisation groups organisational tasks into roles and roles into subunits(functions and divisions), task responsibilities
Explain subunit orientation
As a horizontal differentation the members of different functions or divisions develop a subunit orientation, which is a tendency to view one’s role in the organisation strictly from perspective of the time frame, goals and interpersonal orientations of ones subunit.
What is integration?
The process of coordinating tasks, funtions and divisions, so that they work together and not cross purposes.
What is direct role?
Managers meet face to face to coordinate activities. Direct contact between people in different subunits is a second integrating mechanism.
What is Liasion role?
A specific manager is given responsibility for coordinating with manager from other subunits on behalf of his or her subunit.
What is task force?
A temporary comitee set up to handle a specific problem. More than two subunits may need to work together to solve common problems.
What is a team?
A permamnent task force or committee. When the issue a task force is dealing with becomes an ongoing strategic or administrative issue, the task force becomes permanent.
What is intergrating role?
A new role is established to coordinate the activities of two or more functions or divisions. It is a full-time managerial position established specifically to improve communication between divisions. A liaison role is by contrast just one of the tasks involved in a persons full-time job.
Describe intergrating department
A new department is created to coordinate the activities of functions or divisions.
What does it mean when an organisation becomes inflexible?
Unable to change and adapt to new developments.
What does SOPs stand for?
Written rules and Standard Operating Procedures
What is standardization?
Conformity to specific models or examples defined by well-established sets of rules and norms that are considered proper in a given situation.
What is Mutual Adjustment?
The evolving process through which people use their current bet judgement of events rather than standardised rules to address problems, guide decision making and promote coordination.
What is formalisation ?
The use of written rules and procedure to standardise operation.
What are rules?
Formal written statements that specify the appropriate mean of reaching desired goals.
What are norms?
Standards or styles of behaviour that are considered typical or reprsentative of a certain group of people and which also regulate and govern their behvaiour.
Describe socialisation
The process by which organisational members learn the norms of an organisation and internalise these unwitten rules of conduct.
Characteristics of Mechanistic structure
1.Vertical direction
2.Clearly defined hierarchy
3.Individual specialisation-emplyees work separately and specialise in one clearly defined task
4.Simple intergrating mechanism
5.Centralisation
6.Standardisation
Characteristics of Organic culture
1.Joint specialisation-emplyees work together and coordinate their actions to find the best way of performing a task.
2.Complex intergrating mechanisms
3.Decentralisation
4.Mutual Adjustment
