Chapter 3 Flashcards
This chapter provides the methods and procedures used in the research study. It should provide detailed information on the research design, participants, equipment, materials, variables, and actions taken by the participants.
Chapter 3 : Research Methodology
what are the purposes of chapter 3?
- To replicate
- To Evaluate
What are the parts of Chapter 3?
- Research Design
- Research Setting
- Research Subjects
- Research Ethics
- Research Instrument ( Validation of Instruments)
- Data Gathering Procedure
- Statistical Treatment
▪ In the field of research, design serves as a blueprint or a skeletal framework of your research study.
▪ Discusses the approach (qualitative/quantitative) and design (experimental, non-experimental, descriptive, etc.) use in the study.
▪ In this part, the reason(s) why the design was chosen must be justified.
▪ Specify the variables (identification of IV & DV, Criterion & Predictor Variable) as well as the levels and measurement of these variables.
Research Design
Define as the variables of the study will be conducted. It also describes the geographical characteristics of the Locale, that studies on why the locale was chosen.
Research Setting
It discuss the number of respondents, that describes the demographic profile. Sampling Technique
Research Subject/ Respondents/ Partcipants
process of selecting the sample or a portion of the population.
❑The bigger the sample, the better, and this is because of the sampling error.
❑Sampling error occurs if the selection of the sample does not take place in the way that it was planned.
❑Sampling error can result in the over- representation or under-representation of some segment of the population.
❑Sampling error depends on the size of the sample.
Sampling
there is no element of bias
Non- Random ( non - probability)
it is objective
Random ( probability)
What are the parts of Non-Random?
- Convience ( Accidental)
- Snowball ( Reperal )
- Quota
- Purposive ( based on the research judgement or judgmental sampling)
What are the parts of Random?
- Simple
- Systematic ( Sampling interval, 4th element)
- Stratified ( Strata, sub- groups)
- Cluster
- Multi- stage sampling
- used nationwide
- wide geographical area
Cluster Sampling
What are the two types of Statistics?
- Descriptive
- Inferential ( Non- Parametrics, Parametrics)
it is used in hypothesis
Inferential
- Antonomy
- Beneficence
- Non- Maleficience
- Justice
Research Ethics
- ARE MORAL PRINCIPLES THAT GOVERN HOW RESEARCHERS SHOULD CARRY OUT THEIR WORK.
- These are regulations agreed by groups such as university governing bodies, communities, or governments.
–This is the section where the researcher can attest that the study was conducted with consideration to the rights of the human subjects they will involve in the study.
–Ethical principles observed in the study and how it was maintained (ex: ethical board reviews, permissions on animal usage, etc.)should be enumerated.
Research Ethics
- Borrowed/ Modified/ Standardized
- Adapted/ Self-made
Modification and/or construction of tools specific for the study must be carefully described in detail.
Research Instrument
- Step- by- Step process must be explained comprehensively by the researchers
- for studies where subjects are exposed to a certain intervention ( usually in experiments)
Data Gathering Procedure
–This pertains to the statistical formula used in the study in order to analyze the data being gathered.
–Statistical treatment used for particular variables and the purpose of these statistical measures should also be discussed.
Statistical Treatment
What is the formula for statistical treatment ( percentage formula) ?
Percentage formula:
Percentage (P)=f/(n )× 100%
Where: f = frequency n = sample size
What are the different statistical treatments?
- z-test
- t-test (Paired sample and Independent
sample) - Spearman rank correlation (Spearman’s
rho) - Pearson product-moment correlation
(Pearson’s r) - Chi-square test
- Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
