Chapter 3

Question 1

What is being healthy determined by?

Answer 1

Genetics
Lifestyle
Environment

Question 2

What is genetics?

Answer 2

Biological traits or characteristics passed from parents to their children

Question 3

What is liftestyle

Answer 3

The way in which we live

Question 4

What are lifestyle factors that contribute to good health?

Answer 4

• take precautions against illness eg: getting childhood injections
• have a good personal hygiene regime
• take regular exercise
• eat a balanced diet
• avoid behaviours that one dangerous to health
• get sufficient rest
• take time out to relax
• Lead a lifestyle that promotes good mental health

Question 5

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 5

A balanced diet is one that contains all the nutrients a person needs in the correct proportions

Question 6

What is the food pyramid?

Answer 6

The food pyramid is a tool that helps the general public to eat a balanced diet. Different food groups are represented on the pyramid. Information is given on the number of servings and the portion sizes that should be eaten daily from each group. Foods from the top of the pyramid should be avoided, as they are high in fat sugar and salt

Question 7

What is top of the food pyramid?

Answer 7

Foods and drinks high in fat sugar and salt. They should not be consumed every day

Question 8

What is second on the food pyramid?

Answer 8

Fats spreads and oils. They should be consumed in very small amounts

Question 9

What is third in the food pyramid?

Answer 9

Meat, poultry fish eggs beans and nuts. There should be 2 servings a day

Question 10

What is fourth of n the food pyramid?

Answer 10

Milk yoghurt and cheese. There was 3 servings a day

Question 11

What is fifth on the food pyramid?

Answer 11

Wholemeal cereals and breads, potatoes pasta and rice. They should be taken 3-5 servings a day

Question 12

What is bottom of the food pyramid?

Answer 12

Vegetables salad and fruit. They should be taken 5-7 servings a day

Question 13

What are some healthy eating guidelines?

Answer 13

1. Eat plenty of different coloured fresh fruit and vegetables
2. Choose wholegrain bread, cereals pasta and rice instead of white
3. Choose low-fat products when possible eg; low-fat milk cheese and yoghurt
4. Choose fresh lean meats chicken and fish instead of processed meats eg; sausages
5. Choose healthy cooking methods where possible eg: baking or steaming instead of frying
6. Limit salt intake. Do not add it at the table. While cooking flavour with herbs and pepper instead. Avoid foods with a high salt content eg rashers
7. Drunk two litres of water per day

Question 14

What is oxidation?

Answer 14

The body needs energy for all its functions and tasks eg: digesting food, breathing thinking walking and working. Inside the body the foods we eat are broken down to create heat and energy. Oxygen is used to burn and break down food. This is called oxidation

Question 15

How do you measure energy?

Answer 15

The amount of energy provide by food is measure in kilocalories (kcal) or kilojoules (KJ)

Question 16

The is the BMR?

Answer 16

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the basic amount of energy the body needs to keep the body’s organs functions while at rest. Extra energy is then needed for any activities we do such as walking running or cycling

Question 17

What is energy balance?

Answer 17

Energy balance is when energy input (food) is equal to energy output (BMR plus physical activity). When this balance is maintained people’s body weight remains healthy. A healthy body weight is one very important factor for good health

Question 18

What are the factors influencing energy requirements?

Answer 18

Gender: males are generally bigger and have a higher muscle to fat ration than females. They therefore require more energy than females do
Climate: people living in colder climates need more energy than those in warmer climates
Activity levels: people who are active need more energy than those who are inactive or sedentary
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: during pregnancy and breastfeeding, a woman needs more energy than normal
Age: children and teenagers need more energy for their size than adults do as they are growing
Size: smaller people require less energy than larger peoppe

Question 19

What does being sedentary mean?

Answer 19

Being sedentary means sitting down. A sedentary lifestyle is one that is not very active eg: people who spend their day sitting at a desk with limited time for exercise