Chapter 3 Flashcards
Salts are also called
Ionic compounds
Simplest ionic compounds contain ____________ ions
Monatomic
A neutral metal atom loses electron(s) forming a positively charged ion, a monatomic _____
Cation
Metals lost electrons to have a filled _______ shell
Valence
Neutral nonmetal atoms gain electron(s) forming a negatively charged ion, a monatomic
Anion
A strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (cations and anions) is an
Ionic bond
In ions only ______ change. _________ and ________ stay the same
Electrons; protons and neutrons
An ________ compound is held together by strong attraction of opposite charges. Net charge equal to zero, determines the ratio of cations to anions.
Ionic
Metals ______ electrons while nonmetals ______ electrons
Lose, gain
Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A (Al only) atoms electrons are all ______
Lost
Nobel gases have a filled valence shell which makes them very _______
Stable
Nonmetals ______ enough electrons to fill valence energy level
Gain- 5A, 6A, 7A
Monatomic anion names use the name of the element with an -____ ending
“ide”
When writing the formula unit for an ionic compound list the _____ symbol then the _____ symbol
Cation, anion
Other fixed charges
Silver ion:
Zinc ion:
Cadmium ion:
Ag+
Zn2+
Cd2+
Polyatomic ions derive from covalently bonded ________ not atoms. They contain one or more covalent bonds and an unequal number of protons and electrons.
Molecules
Covalent compounds are composed of identical _______ and are composed of two or more nonmetal atoms joined by covalent bonds
Molecules
These elements never exist alone and exist as molecules
Diatomic elements
Diatomic elements
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
Covalent compounds are comprised of molecules containing two or more different types of ________ atoms
Nonmetal
Unlike ionic compounds, you do NOT simplify rations for _________ molecules
Covalent
When naming simple binary compounds name the first element then name the second element changing the ending to ___
-ide
Prefixes used to name covalent compounds
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Mono (not used for first non metal)
Di
Tri
Tetra
Penta
Hexa
Hepta
Octa
Nona
Deca
Ionic Or covalent?
Is there a metal and or polyatomic ion present?
-If yes it is an ______ compound and needs a Roman numeral but no prefixes
- if no it is a _______ molecule and must use prefixes
Ionic, covalent
Only single electrons pair up to make _____
Bonds
Ionic or covalent?
Is there a metal and/or a polyatomic ion present?
If YES, it is an ______ _________
-no prefixes
-is a Roman numeral needed
If NO it is a __________ __________
-must use prefixes
Ionic compound, covalent molecule
Account for all valence electrons present in the molecule
Lewis dot structures
Bonds form between atoms to fill valence energy levels (usually eight electrons)
Octet rule
