Chapter 3 Flashcards
Fat
A glycerol molecule joined to three fatty acids
Fatty Acid
A carbonic acid with a long carbon chain. Location of double bonds and length vary
Saturated Fatty Acid
A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tail
Cis Isomers
The two X’s are on the same side(bent chain)
Trans Isomers
The two X’s are on opposite sides(straight chain)
Major Function of Fats
Energy storage
Two Major Functions of Carbohydrates
Energy storage and building blocks of structures
Phospholipid
A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. Hydrophobic tails, hydrophilic heads to make membranes
Phospholipid Bilayer
A layer of phospholipids with the hydrophilic heads on the outside and hydrophobic tails on the inside away from the water
Steroids
Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings
Protein’s Functions
Speeding up chemical reactions(enzymes), defense, storage of amino acids, transport, cellular communication(response of cell to chemical stimuli), movement, or structural support
Catalyst
Chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the reaction
Polypeptide
A polymer of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds(a bond between amino acids)
Protein
A biologically functional molecule made up of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure
Amino Acid
An organic molecule with both an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom and a variable group symbolized by R
R Group
The side chain(differs with each amino acid; may be as simple as a hydrogen atom, or be a carbon skeleton with various functional groups attached
Acidic
Negatively charged
Basic
Positively charged
