Chapter 3 Flashcards by Char Workingstation

Study of cells

Cytology

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Basic unit of life

Cell

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Encloses cell contents

Outer layer of the cell

Composed mainly of lipids and proteins

Plasma membrane

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Short extension of the plasma membrane

Absorb materials into the cell

Microvilli

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Centre of the cell and largest organelle

Contains chromosomes

Nucleus

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Smaller nuclear body in the nucleus

Makes ribosomes

Nucleolus

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Colloid that fills the cell

Consists of cytosol and organelles

Cytoplasm

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Fluid portion of cytoplasm

Surrounds the organelles

Cytosol

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Network of membranes within cytoplasm

Endoplasmic reticulum

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Manufacture proteins

Composed of RNA and proteins

Ribosomes

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Ayers of membranes

Packages and transport

Golgi apparatus

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Powerhouse

Convert energy from nutrients for the cell in the form of ATP

DNa is found

Mitochondria

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Digestive enzymes

Lysosomes

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Break down harmful substances

Peroxisomes

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Destroy improperly synthesized proteins

Barrel shaped organelles

Proteasomes

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Small membrane bound sacs in the cytoplasm

Store materials and move materials into or out of the cell

Vesicles

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Rod shape bodies

Help separate the chromosomes during cell division

Centrioles

Structure the extend from the cell

Move the cell or the fluids around the cell

Surface projections

Short hairlike projections

Cilia

Long whiplike extension

Flagellum

Concentration gradient drives particle flow

High concentration to one of lower concentration

Diffusion

Specific type of diffusion

Movement of solvent molecules theough semi permeable membrane

Osmosis

Moves water and dissolved substances down a pressure gradient

Filtration

Molecules that travel against the natural flow from a low to a high concentration

Active transport

Movement of large amounts of material through plasma membrane using vesicles

Bulk transport

Bulk movement of material into the cell

Endocytosis

Cell eating Engulfing of relatively large particles by the cell membrane

Phagocytosis

Droplets of fluid are engulfed by the cell membrane “Cell drinking”

Pinocytosis

Production of proteins as determined by ones DNA

Protein synthesis

What are the proteins in the body made up of?

Amino acids

Types of rna Built on a strand of DNA Transcribes the nucleotide code

Messenger RNa(mrna)

Types of rna The site of protein synthesis Involved in the process of translating the genetic message

Ribosomal rna (RRna)

Type of RNA Translate the genetic code Carries an amino acid

Transfer rna

Produces somatic cells Parent stem cell gives rise to two identical daughter cell

Mitosis

Produces gametes Cute chromosome number in half to prepare for union of egg and sperm

Meiosis

What are the stages of mitosis

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Stage of mitosis Dna strands coil into chromosomes Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear Centrioles move to opposite poles and form spindle

Prophase

Stages of mitosis Chromosomes line up across center of cell Chromosomes attached to spindle

Metaphase

Stage of mitosis Centromeres split

Anaphase

Chromosomes continue to move toward centrioles Plasma membrane pinches off in middle of cell to form two new identical daughter cell

Telophase