Chapter 3:

Question 1

What are the major differences among different activated carriers?

Answer 1

They carry different High-Energy Linkage

Question 2

How do cells use energy?

Answer 2

elaborate molecular mechanisms that extract energy from the environment and convert it into the energy stored in chemical bonds.

Question 3

How do cells obtain and store energy?

Answer 3

energy is derived from the chemical bond energy in food molecules

-oxidation of organic molecules

Question 4

What are catabolic reactions?

Answer 4

involve the breakdown of large, organic molecules into smaller, simpler ones, accompanied by a release of energy.

Question 5

What are anabolic reactions?

Answer 5

use energy to build complex molecules from simpler organic compounds (e.g., proteins from amino acids, carbohydrates from sugars, fats from fatty acids and glycerol

Question 6

How do enzymes catalyze chemical reactions in cells?

Answer 6

specialized proteins that accelerates, or catalyzes, just one of the many possible reactions that a particular molecule could in principle undergo.
forms a linked pathway from one molecule to another

Question 7

How different activated carriers are used by cells?

Answer 7

ATP and two molecules that are close chemical cousins, NADH and NADPH

ATP: carries high-energy phosphate groups

NADH AND NADPH: These activated carriers are specialized to carry both high-energy electrons and hydrogen atoms.

Question 8

How are biological polymers synthesized in cells?