Chapter 3 Flashcards
victimology
the study of the victim’s role in criminal events
victimologists
criminologists who focus on the victims of crime
post-traumatic stress disorder
psychological reaction to a highly stressful event; symptoms may include depression, anxiety, flashbacks, and recurring nightmares
cycle of violence
victims of crime, especially victims of childhood abuse, are more likely to commit crimes themselves,
victim precipitation theory
the view that victims may initiate, either actively or passively, the confrontation that leads to their victimization.
Active precipitation
aggressive or provocative behavior of victims that results in their victimization
passive precipitation
personal or social characteristics of victims that make them more attractive targets for criminals; such victims may unknowingly either threaten or encourage their attackers.
lifestyle theories
views on how people become crime victims because of lifestyles that increase their exposure to criminal offenders
deviant place theory
the view that victimization is primarily a function of where people live.
routine activities theory
the view that victimization results from the interaction of three everyday factors: the availability of suitable targets, the absence of capable guardians, and the presence of motivated offenders.
Suitable targets
objects of crime (persons or property) that are attractive and readily available
capable guardians
effective deterrents to crime, such as police or watchful neighbors
motivated offenders
people willing and able to commit crimes.
victim-witness assistance programs
government programs that help crime victims and witnesses; may include compensation, court services, and/or crisis intervention
compensation
financial aid awarded to crime victims to repay them for their loss and injuries; may cover medical bills, loss of wages, loss of future earnings, and/or counseling
