Chapter 3 Flashcards
Centrifugation of urine
400 RCF for 5 min
Type of microscope used for urine sediments with low refractive indices (hyaline casts, mixed cellular casts, mucous threads & trichomonas
Also used for platelet count
Phase-contrast microscopy
Used for identification of cholesterol in oval fat bodies, fatty casts, and crystals in urine
Polarizing microscopy
This type of microscope is used for the identification of Treponema pallidum
Darkfield microscopy
This type of microscope produces a three-dimensional microscopy-image and layer-by-layer imaging specimen
Interference contrast
Differential-interference contrast
Nomarski
Modulation contrast
Hoffman
This part of the microscope regulates the intensity of light
Rheostat
This part of the microscope perform the initial magnification of specimen
Objective
This part of the microscope control the amount of light and angle of light that will pass through the specimen and lens
Aperture diaphragm
Sternheimer stain is composed of
Crystal violet & Safranin
Hansel stain is composed of
Methylene blue & Eosin Y
This stains eosinophilic granules in urine
Hansel stain
This stain enhances nuclear details
Toluidine blue
This stains structure containing iron
Prussian blue
Swollen/ghost cell/shadow cell is found in
Hypotonic urine
WBC are distinguished from RBC using what reagent?
2% Acetic acid (Lyse RBC)
These are pale blue leukocytes seen in dilute or hypotonic urine usually producing a sparkling appearance in their cytoplasm
Glitter cell
___ eosinophils is significant associated with drug induced interstitial nephritis (UTI & Renal transplant)
> 1% Eosinophil
Also known as transitional epithelial cells
Urothelial/Caudate
These are squamous epithelial cells studded with Gardnerella vaginalis
Clue cells
These are lipid-containing renal tubular cells found in lipiduria
OVAL FAT BODIES
These are renal tubular epithelial cell containing large, nonlipid filled vacuoles
Bubble cells
Casts are primarily formed within the lumen of
DCT & CD
Casts with tapered ends produced at the junction of ascending loop of Henle & DCT
Cylindroid
What type of cast is present even in the mildest kind of renal disease
Hyaline cast
This cast is made up of RTE cells attached to a protein matrix
Epithelial cells
Known as the renal failure cast
Broad cast
This cast indicates destruction (widening) of the tubular walls
Broad cast
These are smooth, colorless, usually ovoid cells with doubly refractile walls
Yeast cells
Most frequent parasite encountered in the urine associated with “ping-pong” dx
Trichomonas vaginalis
Most common fecal contaminant in urine
Enterobius vermicularis
Normal urine microscopic findings
RBC:
WBC:
Hyaline Cast:
RBC: 0-2/HPF
WBC: 0-5/HPF
Hyaline cast: 0-2/LPF
Crystal with brick dust appearance
AmOrphous urates
Appear as octahedral envelope or two pyramids joined at their bases (Form of CaOx)
Dihydrate or Weddelite
Monohydrate form of Ca Ox is seen in cases of
Ethylene Glycol/Anti-freeze agent poisoning
This crystal appear as tiny granular spheres often in pairs (dumbbell forms) or tetrads
Calcium carbonate
Chorionic gonadotropin is what kind of hormone?
Glycoprotein hormone
This subunit of chorionic gonadotropin is structurally similar to luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
Alpha chain
Pregnancy detects?
Beta HCG
B-HCG peaks at
First trimester of pregnancy
Minimum length of scrubbing in handwashing
15 to 20 sec
