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Science > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

water vapor is the source of all

A

condensation and precipitation

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2
Q

essentially water on earth is considered

A

conserved from the water cycle

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3
Q

changing states requires a what

A

energy transfer in the form of heat

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4
Q

latent heat that must be

A

added or removed for a phase change

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5
Q

phase change requires

A

addition of heat

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6
Q

phase changed could be

A

melting, evaporation, and sublimation

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7
Q

phase changes requires the removal of heat

A

freezing, condensation, and deposition

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8
Q

saturation

A

the max quantity of water vapor air van hold at a given temp and pressure

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9
Q

warm air can hold more water vapor than

A

cold air

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10
Q

what is relative humidity

A

ratio of the air’s actual amount of water content compared with the amount of water air can hold at that temperature and pressure

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11
Q

2 ways relative humidity can be changed

A

add or remove water
change temperature

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12
Q

when the air is saturated and further cooling begins what happens

A

condensation (ex. dew, clouds)

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13
Q

what is dew point

A

the temperature to which air would have to be cooled for saturation to occur

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14
Q

for every 10C increase in temp the water vapor saturation does what?

A

doubles

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15
Q

high dew point indicates

A

moist air

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16
Q

low dew point indicates

A

dry air

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17
Q

when air temp and dew point are close

A

the RH is high

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18
Q

when air temp and dew point are far apart

A

the Rh is low

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19
Q

what is air pressure

A

the pressure exerted by weigh of air above

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20
Q

air pressure is exerted in what direction

A

in all directions equally

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21
Q

what is air pressure measured by

A

a barometer

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22
Q

increase an air temp does the barometer increase or decrease in reading

A

increases

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23
Q

what type of weather is it when the air pressure increases

A

sunny weather

24
Q

decrease in air pressure the barometer does what

A

decreases

25
Q

when air pressure decrease what type of weather is there

A

cloudy

26
Q

what creates a pressure difference

A

un-equal heating of the earth

27
Q

air flows how

A

flows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

28
Q

air flowing from high pressure areas to low pressure areas creates what

A

creates wind

29
Q

what is used to show differences in pressure on a map

A

isobars

30
Q

spacing on the lines indicate the amounts of pressure what is this pressure called

A

pressure gradients

31
Q

the greater the pressure gradients what happens

A

the greater wind speeds

32
Q

closely spaced lines show a what type of pressure gradients

A

show high winds

33
Q

large change in pressure over a small distance on the earths surface show

A

high wind speeds

34
Q

rotation of the earth

A

24 hours a day

35
Q

the earths rotation around the sun is

A

365 days

36
Q

the tilt of the earths axis

A

23.5

37
Q

why do the north and south hemispheres receive different amounts of daylight

A

the earth is tilted

38
Q

the north and south hemisphere receive different hours of daylight

A

DURATIONS

39
Q

the north and the south recieve different direct sun rays which is called

A

INTENSITIES

40
Q

when we are tilted more towards the sun we receive less or more hours of sunlight

A

when we are tilted toward the sun we receive more hours of sunlight

41
Q

when we are tilted away from we receive what type of daylight

A

we receive less hours of sunlight and less intense sun rays ( considered to be Winter)

42
Q

when it is summer on the northern hemisphere it is what in the southern hemisphere

A

it is winter in the southern hemisphere

43
Q

what is solstice

A

twice a year we receive the most hours of daylight or fewest hours of daylight

44
Q

when is summer soloist

A

June 22 ( Longest day )

45
Q

when is winter soliste

A

December 22 ( shortest day )

46
Q

what is an equinox

A

twice a year we have equal amounts of daylight and darkness

47
Q

when are the two days of equinox

A

Spring- March 21
vernal (fall) equinox - September 31

48
Q

what is summer like in the Northern Hemisphere

A

they receive more direct sunlight and longer daylight

49
Q

what is winter like in the northern hemisphere

A

less direct sunlight and shorter daylight

50
Q

what is the corilous effect

A

the movement of particles ( such as air ) to the right in the northern hemisphere and in the southern hemisphere to the left

51
Q

what are global winds caused by

A

uneven heating of the earths surface

52
Q

what does the atmosphere do to balance these differences

A

acts like a giant heart transfer system using convection

53
Q

polar easterlies

A

90-60 east latitude

54
Q

prevsiling westerlies

A

latitude from the west

55
Q

trade winds

A

30-0 latitude from the east

56
Q

what doe jet streams do

A

form at latitudes where wind systems come together

57
Q

high winds speed form

A

westernly and form high above the surface

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